田间玉米苗期高通量动态监测方法

目前对玉米出苗动态检测监测主要是依靠人工观测，耗时耗力且只能选择小的样方估算整体出苗情况。为解决人工出苗动态管理不精准的问题，实现田间精细化管理，本研究以田间作物表型高通量采集平台获取的高时序可见光图像和无人机平台获取的可见光图像两种数据源构建了不同光照条件下的玉米出苗过程图像数据集。考虑到田间存在环境背景复杂、光照不均等因素，在传统Faster R-CNN的基础上构建残差单元，使用ResNet50作为新的特征提取网络来对Faster R-CNN进行优化，首先实现对复杂田间环境下玉米出苗识别和计数；进而基于表型平台所获取的高时序图像数据，对不同品种、不同密度的玉米植株进行出苗动态连续监测，对各玉米品种的出苗持续时间和出苗整齐度进行评价分析。试验结果表明，本研究提出的方法应用于田间作物高通量表型平台出苗检测时，晴天和阴天的识别精度分别为95.67%和91.36%；应用于无人机平台出苗检测时晴天和阴天的识别精度分别91.43%和89.77%，可以满足实际应用场景下玉米出苗自动检测的需求。利用表型平台可获取时序数据的优势，进一步进行了玉米动态出苗检测分析，结果表明利用本模型得到的动态出苗结果与人工实际观测具有一致性，说明本研究提出的模型的具有鲁棒性和泛化性。

High-Throughput Dynamic Monitoring Method of Field Maize Seedling

At present, the dynamic detection and monitoring of maize seedling mainly rely on manual observation, which is time-consuming and laborious, and only small quadrats can be selected to estimate the overall emergence situation. In this research, two kinds of data sources, the high-time-series RGB images obtained by the plant high-throughput phenotypic platform (HTPP) and the RGB images obtained by the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform, were used to construct the image data set of maize seedling process under different light conditions. Considering the complex background and uneven illumination in the field environment, a residual unit based on the Faster R-CNN was built and ResNet50 was used as a new feature extraction network to optimize Faster R-CNN to realize the detection and counting of maize seedlings in complex field environment. Then, based on the high time series image data obtained by the HTPP, the dynamic continuous monitoring of maize seedlings of different varieties and densities was carried out, and the seedling duration and uniformity of each maize variety were evaluated and analyzed. The experimental results showed that the recognition accuracy of the proposed method was 95.67% in sunny days and 91.36% in cloudy days when it was applied to the phenotypic platform in the field. When applied to the UAV platform to monitor the emergence of maize, the recognition accuracy of sunny and cloudy days was 91.43% and 89.77% respectively. The detection accuracy of the phenotyping platform image was higher, which could meet the needs of automatic detection of maize emergence in actual application scenarios. In order to further verify the robustness and generalization of the model, HTPP was used to obtain time series data, and the dynamic emergence of maize was analyzed. The results showed that the dynamic emergence results obtained by HTPP were consistent with the manual observation results, which shows that the model proposed in this research is robust and generalizable.