嫁接和自根黄瓜灌溉水分配和水分利用效率研究

研究了常规灌溉条件下,日光温室冬春茬和秋冬茬生产中,嫁接和自根黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)灌溉水分配状况和水分利用效率,旨在为制定合理的农艺节水措施提供理论依据。结果表明,两茬口试验中灌溉水分配量顺序均为土壤渗漏>植株蒸腾>土壤蒸发>土层贮水。其中,冬春茬灌溉水的分配比例为土壤渗漏44.3%、植株蒸腾35.4%、土壤蒸发15.7%、土层贮水4.6%;秋冬茬灌溉水分配比例为土壤渗漏49.6%、植株蒸腾29.7%、土壤蒸发13.9%、土层贮水6.8%。受根系分布状况和温室光温条件的影响,冬春茬土壤渗漏的比例低于秋冬茬,植株蒸腾与土壤蒸发的比例高于秋冬茬。冬春茬和秋冬茬嫁接黄瓜与自根黄瓜相比,土壤渗漏量分别低8.4%和3.4%,土壤蒸发量分别低12.0%和1.0%,蒸腾量分别高15.3%和4.0%;两茬口嫁接黄瓜的水分利用效率均显著高于自根黄瓜,因此嫁接是一种有效的节水措施。

Study on Distribution of Irrigation Water and Water Use Efficiency of Grafted and Own-rooted Cucumber

In order to provide academic proof for establishing proper agricultural measure,the distribution of irrigation water and water use efficiency of grafted and own-rooted cucumber of winter-spring and autumn-winter cropping under traditional irrigation in solar greenhouse was studied.The results showed that,the sequence of the irrigation water distribution ratio is soil water drainage>transpiration>evaporation>soil moisture storage.The irrigation water distribution ratio of cucumber of winter-spring cropping is 44.3% of soil water drainage,35.4% of transpiration,15.7% of evaporation and 4.6% of soil moisture storage.The irrigation water distribution ratio of cucumber of autumn-winter cropping is 49.6% of soil water drainage,29.7% of transpiration,13.9% of evaporation and 6.8% of soil moisture storage.Because of the effect of root distribution and light and temperature condition of greenhouse,the proportion of winter-spring cropping's soil water drainage is lower than autumn-winter cropping's,the proportion of winter-spring cropping's transpiration and evaporation is higher than autumn-winter cropping's.Compare grafted cucumber of winter-spring and autumn-winter cropping with own-rooted cucumber,soil water drainage decrease 8.4% and 3.4%,respectively,evaporation decrease 12.0% and 1.0%,respectively,transpiration increase 15.3% and 4.0%;the water use efficiencies of grafted cucumber of two croppings are both significantly higher than that of own-rooted cucumber,thereby graft is an effective water-saving measures.