遥感技术在火监测中的应用研究综述

火是地球表面频繁发生的异变现象，也是森林、灌丛、草地等生态系统中植被演替的主要动力。植被火烧释放出来的大量气溶胶颗粒物以及各种痕量气体，会引发大气环境和全球碳循环过程的深刻改变。遥感卫星能够监测和记录全球地表信息，尤其适用于地表异变现象特别强烈的火灾事件。遥感技术在野火识别和监测中的应用主要为了实现以下4个目的:1）火点精确地理位置判定；2）在燃火线的范围制图和火场发展趋势判定；3）火烧强度评价；4）火烧迹地植被恢复监测与评价。文中总结了遥感卫星技术和数据在火险评价与制图、火点识别、火烧面积统计以及火烧迹地植被恢复评价中的应用和贡献。

A Review on Applications and Contributions of Remote Sensing Techniques in Fire Monitoring

Fire is a frequent abnormal phenomenon in the earth, which is also a key driving force for vegetation succession in forest, shrub and grassland ecological systems. The large amount of aerosol particulate matters and various trace gases released from vegetation burning will trigger profound changes on both atmospheric environment and global carbon cycle. The satellite can observe and record the information of global surface, which is suitable for fire event observation with drastic signal changes. Satellite-based fire detection and monitoring are mainly to achieve the following four goals: 1) to find out the precise location of burning fire points; 2) to map the extent of burning fire front and estimate the tends of fire spread; 3) to assess burn severity; and 4) to monitor the post-fire vegetation dynamic in long term. This paper summarized the applications and contributions of the remote sensing satellite technologies and data in fire risk mapping, fire points recognizing, burned area calculation, and monitoring of vegetation recovery in post-fire area.