森林干扰度评价方法及应用——以中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所清原森林生态实验站为例

基于不同森林类型所受干扰不同,以中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所清原森林生态实验站为例,构建一套适合于该区域的森林干扰度评价指标体系,在此基础上应用最优距离法对不同类型的森林干扰度进行定量化评价。根据多样性(5个指标)、生产力(3个指标)、林分结构(4个指标)、生态功能(3个指标)、林分健康水平(3个指标)等指标,以阔叶红松林为目标森林,应用距离法评价了清原森林生态实验站现有8个林型的森林干扰度。结果表明,森林干扰度老龄林(0.3178)和阔叶混交林(0.3989)最小,与目标森林的距离最近;其次是蒙古栎林(0.4262)、水曲柳林(0.4870)、花曲柳林(0.4983)、胡桃楸林(0.5016);红松人工林(0.6358)和落叶松人工林(0.6864)最大,表明人工林与目标森林的距离最远。

Method of evaluation of response extent of forests to disturbances and its application-A case study of Qingyuan Experimental Station of Forest Ecology,Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Based on the phenomena that disturbances for different forest types are different, an index system for evaluating the response extent of forests to disturbances (REFD) was constructed for Qingyuan Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Furthermore, REFD was also quantitatively evaluated for different forest types using the optimal distance method. Using the indices about diversity, productivity, stand structure, ecological function, stand health level, etc, of forest, with the broadleaf-Pinus koraiensis forest as target forest, REFD for eight existing forest types at Qingyuan Experimental Station of Forest Ecology were evaluated via the optimal distance method. The results show that REFD of the old growth forest and the broadleaf mixed forest is 0.317 8 and 0.398 9 respectively, which is the minimum among the eight forest types and with the nearest distance to the target forest. REFD for Mongolian oak forest, Fraxinus mandshurica forest, F. rhynchophylla forest and Juglans mandshuria forest is 0.426 2, 0.487, 0.498 3 and 0.501 6 respectively. However, REFD for Korean pine plantation and larch plantation is 0.635 8 and 0.686 4 respectively, which is the maximum among the eight forest types. These findings imply that the distance between the plantations and the target forest in the mountain regions of eastern Liaoning Province is the farthest.