Mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions in spray-irrigated grazed grassland by treating the soil with dicyandiamide, a nitrification inhibitor

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N₂O) from animal excreta in grazed pasture systems makes up a significant component (c. 10%) of New Zealand's total greenhouse gas inventory. We report an effective method to decrease N₂O emissions from animal urine patches by treating the soil with the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD), in a simulated grazed dairy pasture system under spray irrigation. The soil was a free-draining Lismore stony silt loam (Udic Haplustept loamy skeletal) and the pasture was a mixture of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ) and white clover ( Trifolium repens ). By treating the soil with DCD, N₂O emissions were decreased by 76% following urine application in the autumn, from 26.7 kg N₂O-N ha^?1 without DCD to an average of 6.4 kg N₂O-N ha^?1 with DCD over the 6-month experimental period. N₂O flux was decreased by 78% following urine application in the spring, from 18 kg N₂O-N ha^?1 without DCD to 3.9 kg N₂O-N ha^?1 with the application of DCD over the 3-month period. A single application of DCD immediately after urine was sufficient to effectively mitigate N₂O emissions from the urine. The results showed that repeated applications of DCD after urine application, or mixing DCD with urine, offered no advantage over a single application of DCD immediately after urine deposition.