伊犁河谷坡面管理措施对表层土壤储水和草被恢复的影响

研究不同坡面土壤水分变化和草地植被生长状况,可为退化草地恢复管理提供参考。通过监测灰钙土和棕红土两种土壤类型坡面表层土壤水分和植被生长状况,分析了枯草覆盖、水平沟、增渗孔、补灌等不同坡面管理措施对草被恢复的影响,结果表明:降雨量越大,各处理表层土壤含水量的增幅越大,恢复到稳定状态的时间越长,最长可达22天;综合3场不同量级的降雨来看,降雨后水平沟处理拦蓄雨水的效果最好,其土壤含水量在灰钙土坡面上较对照高1.8百分点,在棕红土坡面上较对照高8.3百分点;降雨后表层土壤含水量恢复到稳定状态期间,枯草覆盖处理表层土壤含水量与对照差异最大,在灰钙土上高0.8百分点,在棕红土上高2.9百分点;两种土壤类型上,几种坡面管理措施均对草地植物生长有显著影响,其中效果最好的是枯草覆盖,与对照相比,灰钙土坡面植被覆盖度提高了33.9百分点、地上生物量提高了257.6%,棕红土坡面植被覆盖度提高了41.6百分点、地上生物量提高了67.3%。采取适当的坡面管理措施,可促进草地植物的生长,实现退化草地的生态修复。

Effects of Slope Management Measures on Surface Soil Water Storage and Vegetation Restoration in Yili River Valley

Studying the change of soil moisture and the growth condition of grassland vegetation on different slopes can provide reference for the restoration and management of degraded grassland.The paper analyzed the effects of different slope management measures,such as withered grass mulching,horizontal ditch,increasing infiltration hole and supplementary irrigation on vegetation restoration through monitoring the surface soil moisture and vegetation growth of slopes of calcareous soil and brown red soil.The outcomes show that a)the greater the rainfall,the greater the increase of surface soil water content in each treatment and the longer it takes to return to a steady state.The longest can be up to 22 days;b)According to the three different levels of rainfall,the effect of horizontal ditch treatment after rainfall is the best.The soil water content on the calcareous soil slope is 1.8 percentage points higher than that of the control and 8.3 percentage points higher than that of the control on the brown red soil slope;c)after rainfall,when the surface soil water content returns to a stable state,the difference of surface soil water content between the treatment of withered grass mulching and control is the maximum.It is 0.8 percentage points higher on calcareous soil and 2.9 percentage points higher on brown red soil and;d)In the two soil types,several slope management measures have significant effects on the growth of grassland plants,of which,the best effect is to cover with withered grass.Comparing with the control,the vegetation coverage of calcareous soil has been increased by 33.9 percentage points and the aboveground biomass increased by 257.6%,the vegetation coverage of brown red soil slope has been increased by 41.6 percentage points and the aboveground biomass increased by 67.3%.Taking appropriate slope management measures can promote the growth of grassland plants and achieve the ecological restoration of degraded grassland.