不同小麦品种(系)对麦长管蚜生命参数的影响

【目的】比较小麦品种抗性对麦长管蚜连续2个世代若蚜和成蚜主要生命参数的影响。【方法】采用田间罩网试验,调查和测量Pm232等10个具有不同抗蚜性的小麦品种上定殖的有翅成蚜数量及若蚜发育历期、存活率、体重、翅型分化和成虫寿命、繁殖力等生命参数。【结果】麦长管蚜对10个供试小麦材料的不选择性有着明显差异,抗蚜材料对蚜虫的趋避作用明显较强。发育历期等5个生理参数的比较表明,抗蚜材料上的若蚜发育历期较感蚜材料明显延长,若蚜存活率、成虫寿命、繁殖力和体重较感蚜材料明显降低或减少,并且这种影响随着小麦抗性的升高而加重。研究还发现抗蚜材料上产生的有翅蚜要显著多于感蚜材料。通过对比不同世代的蚜虫生理参数发现抗蚜材料对蚜虫下世代的影响存在加重现象。【结论】小麦抗蚜品种对麦长管蚜不仅具有明显的趋避作用和抗生作用,而且其抗生性在蚜虫世代间可能存在累加效应。

Effects of Wheat Varieties on Population Parameters of Macrosiphum avenae (Fabricius)

Objective] Two successive generations of Macrosiphum avenae (Fabricius) were studied for effects of wheat varieties on the aphid population parameters such as number of alate aphid, generation time and survival rate, also the aphid physiological parameters such as nymph developmental duration, adult longevity, fecundity, body weight, and wing-type differentiation. Method] Using systematic caging methods, the population and physiological parameters were investigated on 10 wheat strains. Result] There were significant differences between the varieties of M. avenae in host selection. Phototaxis of the resistant varieties to aphid was more evident. The results showed that for the parameters: Developmental duration of nymph was longer on resistant varieties; the survival rate of nymph, adult longevity, fecundity and body weight were significantly decreased. The number of alate aphids on resistant varieties was larger than that on susceptible varieties. The effects of resistant hosts to aphid physiology are perhaps exacerbated by comparing the physiological parameters through the two generations of wheat aphids.Conclusion] Resistant wheat varieties have phototaxis and antibiosis to Macrosiphum avenae (Fabricius ). The antibiosis of wheat to aphid has cumulative effects as aphid generations continue.