半湿润区旱作起垄覆膜沟播小麦的水分及生理效应研究

在关中平原西部杨凌550～600 mm降雨量气候条件下,研究了不同种植方式冬小麦田间水分动态变化及叶绿素、丙二醛等生理指标.结果显示:冬小麦越冬初期、拔节期0～50 cm土壤贮水量起垄覆膜沟播处理比传统平作处理分别高6.1 mm、5.2 mm,比起垄沟播处理分别高2.3 mm、2.9 mm;小麦收获后0～2 m土壤贮水量起垄覆膜沟播处理比传统平作和起垄沟播处理分别高27.9 mm和12.2 mm.小麦开花后,起垄覆膜沟播处理旗叶叶绿素含量始终高于传统平作和起垄沟播处理且降解缓慢,丙二醛含量则较传统平作和起垄沟播处理低,增加也比较缓慢.最终产量测定,起垄覆膜沟播冬小麦极显著的高于传统平作,比传统平作栽培高1 472.10 kg/hm2, 增产幅度19.3%;比起垄沟播冬小麦最终产量高1 844.79 kg/hm2,增产25.4%,差异均达到极显著水平.研究结果表明,与传统平作和起垄沟播相比,起垄覆膜沟播具有较好的聚水保墒效果,一定程度上延缓了小麦的衰老进程,具有明显的增产增收效果;而且水分利用效率明显高于传统平作小麦和起垄沟播.

Studies on Water and Physiological Effect of Winter Wheat with Plastic Film Mulching in Semiarid Farmland

Under 550~600 mm annual rainfall condition in Yangling in west of Guanzhong plain,dynamic changes in soil moisture and some physiological parameters such as chlorophyll and MDA of winter wheat in different planting modes were studied. The results showed that the soil moisture storage of winter wheat with plastic film mulching of 0 to 50 cm during reviving stage and jointing stage increased 6.1 mm and 5.2 mm compared with conventional flat planting,the soil moisture storage of plastic film mulching of harvesting time measured 27.2 mm higher than conventional flat planting;and increased 2.3 mm,2.9 mm and 12.2 mm compared with ridging and furrow drilling.After anthesis, the chlorophyll contents of plastic film mulching were higher than conventional flat planting and ridgrog and furrow drilling;the degradation of chlorophyll was slow and MDA contents were lower than conventional flat planting.The final yield showed that the yield of plastic ridging and furrow drilling increased yield of conventional flat planting 1 472.10 kg/hm²,increased by 19.3%;increased 1 844.79 kg/hm² compared with ridging and furrow drilling,increased by 25.4%,differences between different treatments were up to super remarkable level. The results demonstrated that watergathering of plastic ridging and furrow drilling was effective,senescence of winter wheat was prevented in some extent, had a obvious effect of yield increase and economic increase,and WUE of it was higher than that of conventional flat planting wheat and ridging and furrow drilling wheat.