晋西黄土区不同尺度小流域降雨径流过程的对比分析

水文观测是水文学的基础，尺度转换问题是水文学的热点问题之一，利用野外定位观测资料开展黄土区不同尺度小流域径流过程的研究对该区水文模型的构建与尺度转换问题的解决具有重要意义。该文通过在不同降雨条件下，对不同尺度小流域径流系数、径流深、洪水过程线的对比分析得出:不同尺度小流域的径流深、径流系数差异显著；雨强是影响小流域洪水过程线的主要因素；在小尺度上，不同雨量条件下小流域的洪水过程线相似，而在较大尺度上，不同雨量条件下流域的洪水过程线差异显著；如何定量描述下垫面覆盖、地形的变化和定量描述雨强、雨型的空间分布是水文模型构建与水文尺度转换的关键。 

Comparison of rainfall-runoff process in watersheds under different scales on the loess area in western Shanxi Province, northern China

Research on rainfall-runoff process in watersheds under different scales is essential to scale transform,which is one of the hotspots in the research field of hydrology.Based on field observation,runoff coefficient,runoff depth and flood hydrographs under different scales on the loess area were compared to provide useful information for the solution of scale transform.The results showed prominent variations in runoff coefficient and runoff depth in different scales.Rainfall intensity is the main factor influencing flood hydrograph.It is also indicated that flood hydrographs of different precipitation vary little under small scale but a lot under the large one.It is suggested that the key point to scale transform is quantifying the variation in land cover and landform as well as the spatial distribution of rainfall intensity,rainfall intensity-duration curve.