红三叶个体水平异黄酮含量的差异及其形态特征和草产量比较研究

为探索选育高异黄酮含量红三叶(Trifolium pratense L.)新种质材料的可行途径，本研究测定和林格尔县实验地中300株红三叶地上部分的异黄酮含量，采用K-means聚类分析方法，将不同异黄酮含量红三叶聚类为4个类群(T1～T4),同时对4个红三叶类群进行形态特征进行观测，以及对各农艺性状和产量指标进行测定。结果表明：300株红三叶异黄酮含量介于15.65～34.16 mg·g^-1,平均含量为24.88 mg·g^-1。不同异黄酮含量的红三叶类群在形态特征、农艺性状、草产量等方面具有显著性差异，其中高异黄酮含量红三叶群体占300株的18.67%,平均含量为29.61 mg·g^-1,具有绝对株高和自然株高差值大于15 cm(平卧型)和叶片面积小于350 mm²的形态特征；同时绝对株高、草产量也显著更高(P<0.05)。本研究为红三叶高产优质栽培和品种选育奠定了基础。

Comparative Study on Isoflavone Content,Morphological Characteristics and Grass Yield of Red Clover at Individual Level

In order to explore the feasible ways of breeding new red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) germplasm materials with high isoflavone content,we measured the isoflavone content of above ground parts of 300 red clover plants in the experimental site of Helingeer County. K-means cluster analysis method was used to cluster red clover with different isoflavone content into four populations (T1~T4),and morphological characteristics of four red clover populations were observed. The agronomic characters and yield indexes were determined. The results showed that the content of isoflavones in 300 red clover plant ranged from 15.65 mg·g^-1 to 34.16 mg·g^-1,with an average content of 24.88 mg·g^-1. The population of red clover with different isoflavone content had significant differences in morphological characteristics,agronomic traits,grass yield,etc. Among them,the population of red clover with high isoflavone content accounted for 18.67% of the 300 plants,with an average content of 29.61 mg·g^-1. The difference between absolute plant height and natural plant height was more than 15 cm (recumbent type) and the leaf area was less than 350 mm². At the same time,the absolute plant height and grass yield were also significantly higher (P<0.05). The study provides basis for high-yield and high-quality cultivation and variety breeding of red clover.