生态文明建设背景下中国草原多维分类方法探讨

草原分类是草原科学管理的主要依据和基础，为合理开发草原资源和有效保护草原生态提供科学依据。我国现有的草原分类体系仅从发生学单一维度确定各类草原的联系和区别，在生产和实践中很难从草原功能、权属、经营方向等维度实现精准管理。为适应生态文明建设新时代草原工作从生产为主转向生态为主、从林草矛盾转向林草融合的需求，实现山水林田湖草沙冰生命共同体的系统治理，草原分类工作需从多元化角度出发，形成科学性、系统性和综合性的多维分类体系。本文充分吸收了国内外草原分类的先进理论方法和技术体系，借鉴我国林地多元化分类的框架体系，提出了我国草原多维分类体系的原则、方法和指标，构建了基于发生学、功能用途、产权属性、经营程度等四个维度的草原分类系统，不仅考虑了草原发生发展的气候、地形和土壤等自然属性，而且考虑了草原经营程度、功能用途和产权特征等社会经济属性，实现了各个分类系统的融合性和互补性，为新时期草原研究、保护、修复、利用、建设等分门别类的专项管理提供基础支撑，同时为新时期草原资源和生态的综合管理、山水林田湖草生命共同体的系统治理提供科学依据。

Study on Multi-dimensional China’s Grassland Classification in New Era of Ecological Civilization

Grassland classification is the foundation for scientific grassland management. It can provide sound basis for the rational exploration of the grassland resources and the efficient protection of grassland ecosystems. The existing grassland classification system in China is rooted on the single dimension of grassland occurrence to define the connections and differentiations. However,it can not be properly used for grassland managements in the dimensions of grassland function,utilization direction and land tenure. In order to adapt to the transformation from productive orientation to ecological orientation in grassland management and from the contradiction to harmony between grassland management and support the systematic governing of mountain,water,forestry,farmland,lakes and grasslands in the new era of Ecological Civilization Construction,it is imperative to develop the multi-dimensional grassland classification systems,which are scientific,systematic and integrated. In this paper,we absorbed the advanced theories and technologies in the grassland classification in the world and referred to the multiple forestry classification systems to develop the principles,methods and indicators and to structure the frameworks for the multi-dimensional grassland classification from the perspectives of grassland occurrence,land tenure,functions and utilization degree. We also explored the integration and compensation of the multi-dimensional grassland classification systems forwarded in this study. The objectives were to provide the fundamental support for grassland research,protection,restoration,utilization,construction programs,and to serve as the scientific basis for the rational grassland resources and ecosystem management and the systematic governing of mountain,water,forestry,farmland,lakes and grasslands in the new era of Ecological Civilization Construction.