大豆玉米带状复合种植机械化技术与装备研究进展

推广大豆玉米带状复合种植模式是振兴国产大豆、提升油料产能的重要措施之一，能有效缓解我国大豆对外依存度高、进口压力大等困难。在分析2022年西南、黄淮海、西北地区大豆玉米带状复合种植模式推广实施情况的基础上，对各地区大豆玉米带状复合种植全程机械化技术与装备的现状进行概述，提出大豆玉米带状复合种植机械化面临的问题主要有缺少除草剂喷施专用机具、收获专用机具，现有可用生产装备数量严重不足，机械作业质量不高、适用性差，机手操作不规范等；针对现有技术问题提出我国大豆玉米带状复合种植生产机械化技术与装备的阶段性发展建议，采取先部分后全部、先易后难的方式逐步推进，先解决黄淮海及西北地区全程机械化问题，再针对丘陵山区进行研发，实现全国大部分地区全程机械化，最后综合利用自主导航辅助驾驶技术、自主避让技术及遥感遥测技术等电子信息及传感器技术，提升机具的机械化技术水平，为推动我国大豆玉米带状复合种植模式全面全程机械化高质量发展提供参考。

Research progress of mechanization technology and equipment of soybean and corn strip compound planting

The promotion of soybean and corn strip compound planting mode is one of the important measures to revitalize domestic soybeans and increase oil production capacity, which can effectively alleviate the difficulties of Chinas soybean dependence on foreign countries and high import pressure. Based on the analysis of the promotion and implementation of soybean and corn strip compound planting mode in southwest China, Huanghuaihai and northwest China in 2022, this paper summarizes the current status of mechanized technology and equipment for soybean and corn strip compound planting in each region. It is proposed that the problems faced by the mechanization of soybean and corn strip compound planting mainly include the lack of special tools for herbicide spraying and harvesting, the serious shortage of existing available production equipment, the low quality of mechanical operation, poor applicability, and non standard operation of machine operators. In view of the existing technical problems, the phased development suggestions of mechanization technology and equipment for soybean and corn strip compound planting production in China are put forward, and the method of first partial and then all, easy and then difficult is gradually promoted, first solving the problem of mechanization in Huanghuaihai and northwest China, and then conducting research and development for hilly and mountainous areas to realize the whole process of mechanization in most parts of the country, and finally comprehensively using electronic information and sensor technologies such as autonomous navigation assistance driving technology, autonomous avoidance technology and remote sensing telemetry technology to improve the mechanization technology level of machine tools. It provides a reference for promoting the comprehensive mechanization and high quality development of Chinas soybean and corn strip compound planting mode.