5个无核葡萄品种在吐鲁番地区的栽培性状及制干特性分析

【目的】分析5个无核葡萄品种在吐鲁番地区的栽培性状、果实品质及制干特性差异，为新无核葡萄品种的推广利用和产区品种结构优化提供参考。【方法】以吐鲁番地区目前主栽(无核白)及新引入或推广(长粒无核白、无核白鸡心、波尔莱特、紫甜无核)的5个无核葡萄品种为试材，在露地栽培条件下，系统研究比较5个无核葡萄品种物候期、生长结果习性、果实品质及制干特性差异，利用主成分分析法评价各品种葡萄、葡萄干综合品质。【结果】5个无核葡萄品种在物候期、生长结果习性、果实品质及制干特性方面存在明显差异。无核白、长粒无核白、无核白鸡心熟性表现为中熟，紫甜无核中晚熟，波尔莱特晚熟；无核白鸡心、紫甜无核结果枝率均在65.00%以上，但无核白鸡心萌芽率仅53.70%;无核白平均单株产量超过35.00 kg,无核白鸡心仅14.28 kg;无核白鸡心、紫甜无核果粒质量均超过6.00 g,无核白仅3.79 g;紫甜无核葡萄可溶性固形物含量仅19.66%,而其他品种均超过21%;波尔莱特可滴定酸含量为0.65%,紫甜无核仅0.34%;无核白鸡心和紫甜无核分别具有淡玫瑰香味和淡牛奶香味；葡萄综合品质排序为紫甜无核>无核白鸡心&...

Analysis on Cultivation Characteristics and Raisin Characteristics of Five Seedless Grape Cultivars in Turpan Region

【Objective】 To analyze the differences of cultivation characters, fruit quality and raisin characteristics of five seedless grape cultivars in Turpan in the hope of providing reference for the popularization and utilization of new seedless grape cultivar and the optimization of cultivar structure in the production area. 【Method】 Five seedless grape cultivars (Thompson seedless, Long-berry Thompson seedless, Centennial seedless, Polette, Zitian seedless) were used as materials in Turpan and their phenophase, growth and fruiting habit, fruit quality and raisin characteristics were compared under open field cultivation.Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the comprehensive quality of grape and raisin. 【Result】 The results showed that there were significant differences in phenophase, growth and fruiting habits, fruit quality and raisin characteristics among the five seedless grape cultivars.Thompson seedless, Long-berry Thompson seedless and Centennial seedless were mid-maturation, Zitian seedless belonged to mid-late maturity, and Polette was of late maturing, percentage of bearing shoots of Centennial seedless and Zitian seedless were above 65.00%, percentage of bud burst was only 53.70%, average yield per plant of Thompson seedless was over 35.00 kg, berry weight of Centennial seedless and Zitian seedless were more than 6.00 g, Thompson seedless was only 3.79 g, soluble solid content of Zitian seedless was 19.66%, however other varieties were more than 21%, total acid content of most of Polette was 0.65%, Zitian seedless was only 0.34%, Centennial seedless and Zitian seedless had slightly rose fragrance and light milk fragrance respectively, comprehensive quality ranking of Zitian seedless grapes was in the first place, followed by Centennial seedless, Long-berry Thompson seedless, Polette and Thompson seedless in order.Raisins weight of Polette and Centennial seedless were bigger than others, 1.58 g and 1.44 g respectively, but Thompson seedless was only 0.79 g, soluble solid content of Thompson seedless and Long-berry Thompson seedless were higher than others, 83.33% and 82.84% respectively, total acid content of most of Centennial seedless and Zitian seedless were lower than others, 1.50% and 1.75% respectively, drying rate of Zitian seedless was only 16.90%, very non-plump. 【Conclusion】 Zitian seedless has high and stable yield, but drying rate is very low, raisin characteristics is bad, raisins of Centennial seedless is the best, but high and stable yield are not good.There is still a lack of table and dried grape cultivars, especially those with aroma, large grains and color diversity.