人参中3种农药残留分布规律及短期膳食风险评估

为了解人参不同部位中农药残留分布规律及膳食风险，分别取黑龙江省鸡东市2、3、4年参，虎林市2、3、4、5、6年参，针对其芦头、主根及须根建立了气相色谱-质谱联用(GCMS)检测技术，分别测定了其中五氯硝基苯、六氯苯及毒死蜱的残留量，并就人参中3种农药残留的短期膳食风险进行了评估。72份人参样品中，五氯硝基苯检出率为74%，检出残留量在0.005～0.062 mg/kg之间；六氯苯检出率为78%，残留量在0.057～0.150 mg/kg之间；毒死蜱检出率为61%，残留量在0.018～0.073 mg/kg之间。2020版《中国药典》规定人参中五氯硝基苯和六氯苯的最大允许残留限量(MRL)均为0.1 mg/kg，所检测样品中，虎林市5、6年参芦头及6年参主根中六氯苯的残留量超过了该限量标准，超标率分别为2.8%、5.6%和2.8%。总体而言，农药残留水平随人参种植年份的增加而升高，人参各部位中累积的农药残留量由高到低分别为芦头>主根>须根，同时其短期膳食风险商(RQST)远小于100%，说明通过人参摄入的农药残留对人体不会产生不可接受的短期膳食暴露风险。

Distribution and short-term dietary risk assessment of three pesticide residues in ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey)

To obtain the distribution behavior and dietary risk of pesticide residues in different parts of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey), two-, three- and four-year-old ginseng from Jidong city and two-, three-, four-, five- and six-year-old ginseng from Hulin city, Heilongjiang Province, were sampled. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was established for the determination of pentachloronitrobenzene, hexachlorobenzene and chlorpyrifos residues in root-heads, taproots and fibrous roots of ginseng, and the short-term dietary risks of all samples were evaluated. The detection rate of pentachloronitrobenzene was 74% of total 72 ginseng samples, and the detected residues were 0.005-0.062 mg/kg. The detection rate of hexachlorobenzene was 78%, and the residues were 0.057-0.150 mg/kg. The detection rate of chlorpyrifos was 61%, and the detected residues were 0.018-0.073 mg/kg. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020), the maximum residue limit (MRL) of pentachloronitrobenzene and hexachlorobenzene was 0.1 mg/kg. Among the detected samples, the residues of hexachlorobenzene in five- and six-year-old ginseng root-heads and the six-year-old ginseng taproots from Hulin city exceeded the MRL, with the exceeding rates of 2.8%, 5.6% and 2.8%, respectively. The pesticide residues increased with the increase of growth year of ginseng. The accumulated pesticide residues in various parts of ginseng from high to low were root-heads, taproots and fibrous roots. The short-term risk quotient (RQST) was far less than 100%, which indicated that there was no unacceptable short-term dietary exposure risk to human body via ginseng.