Decomposition of wheat straw differing in nitrogen content in soils under conventional and organic farming management

An incubation experiment was carried out to investigate the interactions of two straw qualities differing in N content and two soils differently accustomed to straw additions. One soil under conventional farming management (CFM) regularly received straw, the other soil under organic farming management (OFM) only farmyard manure. The soils of the two sites were similar in texture, pH, cation‐exchange capacity, and glucosamine content. The soil from the OFM site had higher contents of organic C, total N, muramic acid, microbial biomass C and N (C_mic and N_mic), but a lower ergosterol content and lower ratios ergosterol to C_mic and fungal C to bacterial C. The straw from the CFM had threefold higher contents of total N, twofold higher contents of ergosterol and glucosamine, a 50% higher content of muramic acid, and a 30% higher fungal C–to–bacterial C ratio. The straw amendments led to significant net increases in C_mic, N_mic, and ergosterol. Microbial biomass C showed on average a 50% higher net increase in the organic than in the CFM soil. In contrast, the net increases in N_mic and ergosterol differed only slightly between the two soils after straw amendment. The CO₂ evolution from the CFM soil always exceeded that from the OFM, by 50% or 200 µg (g soil)^–1 in the nonamended control soil and by 55% or additional 600 µg (g soil)^–1 in the two straw treatments. In both soils, 180 µg g^–1 less was evolved as CO₂‐C from the OFM straw. The metabolic quotient qCO₂ was nearly twice as high in the control and in the straw treatments of the CFM soil compared with that of the OFM. In contrast, the difference in qCO₂ was insignificant between the two straw qualities. Differences in the fungal‐community structure may explain to a large extent the difference in the microbial use of straw in the two soils under different managements.