白桦愈伤组织染色体制片方法及数目变异研究

该文探讨白桦愈伤组织染色体的制片方法,并对白桦愈伤组织及其再生植株的染色体数目变异进行了研究。结果表明：取继代培养1周的白桦愈伤组织,用0.2%的秋水仙素溶液预处理1.5～2 h,1 mol/L HCl室温（18～20℃）解离10～15 min或2%纤维素酶和果胶酶混合液室温解离30 min,压片后易获得分散、染色效果好的细胞分裂中期染色体图像。随着继代次数增加,白桦愈伤组织染色体数目变异的频率及范围增大。在愈伤组织分化过程中,二倍体细胞占有优势,能够分化为正常的植株,愈伤组织再生植株的变异频率低于愈伤组织。

Study of the method for smearing of Betula platyphylla callus and the number variation

In this paper,the method for smearing of Betula playphylla callus was tested;and the chromosome variation of callus and the regenerated plantlets from callus were observed.The results indicated that the callus,which were cultured for one week was the best material for observed chromosome.It was easier to obtain ideal division cells by the method that callus were treated with 0.2% colchicine for 1.5～2h.The optimum hydrolyze condition was that the callus was soaked in 1 mol/L HCl for 10～15min or in 2% pectinase and cellulase for 30min at room temperature.Wide-ranging chromosome variation was existed in Betula platyphylla callus,but most variations tended to the decreased of normal chromosomal number.The ratio and range of chromosome variation were increasing along with the length of culture time.The variation rule of chromosome was similar among different genotypes.The variation of chromosome number of regenerated plants from callus was lower than callus.