三岔河小流域水土保持基础效益评价研究

通过对“东北黑土区水土流失综合防治试点工程”中建立的不同措施的径流小区的监测,选择具有典型黑土的黑龙江省宾县三岔河小流域作为研究对象,分别对地埂植物带、荒山灌木埂、横垄、水平坑(坑内植树)、裸地、顺垄6个小区进行了为期2 a的观测。经实测分析计算得出:相对于裸地来说,水平台田、荒山灌木埂、横垄、地埂植物带和顺垄减少侵蚀量分别为99.14%,97.65%,90.66%,87.7%和58.72%,减沙保土效果最好的是水平台田,顺垄保土效果最差。

Basic Benefits from Soil and Water Conservation in Sanchahe Small Watershed

Based on runoff plot monitoring for different measures,the Sanchahe small watershed with the typical black earth in Binxian County,Heilongjiang Province was chosen as a research object.Six plots which include buffer strips,shrub barrier,contour cultivation,horizontal pit(planting tree in pit),denuded land and the ridge along slope were observed for two years.Results show that the amounts of soil erosion by horizontal pit,shrub barrier,contour cultivation,buffer strips,and the ridge along slope are reduced by 99.14%,97.65%,90.66%,87.7% and 58.72%,respectively,compared with denuded land.The horizontal pit is the best of all the soil and water conservation measures,whereas the ridge along slope is the worst.Runoff curve numbers are calculated for different soil utilizations.The study has provided a scientific basis for comprehensively preventing soil and water loss,choosing measures and protecting ecological environment in the future.