农药的科学使用问题与农药应用工艺学

农药应用工艺学是研究提高农药利用率和施药效率，减轻或消除农药对环境的污染和对人、畜及有益生物危害风险的一门综合性学科。近20年来，中国在农药的吸收传导、控制释放、剂型研发、省力化施药、雾滴运动、高效装备及智能精准施药等方面取得了长足的进步：建立了药剂吸收量与种子包衣剂量之间的关系模型；阐明了农药控制释放的动力学规律，揭示了缓释农药提高作物安全性的生物学机制；研发了超低容量制剂、烟雾剂、粉尘剂、展膜油剂、缓释颗粒剂等省力化农药剂型和与之匹配的省力化施药技术；探明了农药雾滴在作物冠层的沉积流失规律，建立了农药利用率模型；建立了农药施用定量分析计算理论，提出了农药雾滴“杀伤半径”概念，推动了农药低容量喷雾技术发展；建立了植保无人飞机低容量喷雾技术体系，开启了人工智能 (AI) 施药技术的研究和应用，初步建立人工智能精准喷雾技术。中国农药应用已逐步实现从简单、粗放向科学、安全、智能精准的转变，为农药减施增效提供理论依据和技术支撑。

Scientific use of pesticides on the basis of pesticide application technology

Pesticide application technology is a comprehensive discipline to study the improvement of utilization rate and application efficiency of pesticides, reduce or eliminate the pollution of pesticides to the environment and the risk of pesticides to human, livestock and beneficial organisms. Great progress has been made in China during the last two decades, including uptaking and translocation of pesticides, controlled release of pesticides, research and development of pesticide formulations, labor-saving application technologies, movement of pesticide droplets, low volume spray technologies, high-efficiency equipments and intelligent precision application technologies. The relationship between the pesticide absorption and seed treatment dose model has been established. The sustained-release kinetics model has been developped and the biological mechanism for the improvement of the crop safety of the controlled release formulations has also been studies. Labor-saving formulations such as ultra low volume liquid, hot fogging concentrate, spreading oil, granule, dustable powder and the correponding labor-saving application technologies have been developed. The deposition and loss rules of pesticide droplets in crop canopy were investigated and the utilization rate model of pesticide was established. The theories of quantitative analysis and the calculation of pesticide application have been established, and the concept of