油菜小麦邻作模式对麦蚜主要天敌种群动态以及小麦生产的影响*

麦蚜是危害我国小麦生产的重要害虫。本试验探索了油菜小麦邻作模式以及小麦单作模式对麦蚜主要天敌发生的影响，以小麦和油菜交界处向两边各在0、2、4、6、8、16 m处设立试验小区，记录麦蚜主要天敌发生数量以及测定小麦株高、穗长、穗重、千粒重，揭示油菜小麦邻作模式对小麦生产的影响。结果表明：随着油菜的成熟，瓢虫逐渐向油菜小麦邻近处转移，且迁移的最有效距离为4 m；对邻作小麦田蚜茧蜂数量最高峰当日数据进行分析，发现除最高的0 m（2009年）和4 m（2010年）处外，其他各距离之间不存在显著差异，而单作田各距离之间蚜茧蜂数量上的差异不明显；相比于小麦单作模式，油菜小麦邻作显著提高了小麦的株高、穗长、穗重、千粒重。总之，油菜小麦邻作模式有利于麦蚜主要天敌向小麦田转移，并能提高小麦的产量和生物量。

The effects of wheat planted adjacent to rape on natural enemy population dynamics and wheat production

The wheat aphids are the major pests of wheat belt in China. Through exploring the effects of wheat planted adjacent to rape and monoculture wheat field on natural enemy population dynamics, we showed that the influence of wheat planted adjacent to rape on wheat production. We set up test regions in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16 m away from rape field, recorded the quantity of main natural enemies, and measured wheat length, weight and length of wheat ears and 1000 kernel weight.The results showed that: a. As rape being mature, the lady beetle transferred to wheat fields. The most effective distance is 4m. b. Through analyzing the quantity of Aphidius gifuensis at peak in wheat planted adjacent to rape, we found that there was no significant differences among distances, except 0 m in 2009 and 4 m in 2010. And there was no significant difference among distances in monoculture wheat fields. c. Compared with monoculture, wheat adjacent to rape significantly improved the plant height, earlength, ear weight and 1 000 kernel weight of wheat. It is therefore concluded that wheat adjacent to rape made natural enemies transfer more easily, and improved wheat production.