施肥量与留叶数对烟叶产值量及化学成分的影响

为探讨施肥量与留叶数对烟叶产值量及化学成分的关系，在楚雄进行了施肥量（72kg/hm2、90kg/hm2、108kg/hm2）与留叶数（15片、18片、21片）两因素三水平试验，结果表明：随施肥量的增加烟株茎围、节距、田间叶面积系数增大；烟株患白粉病及赤星病机率增加，病情指数增大；烟叶产量、产值及上等烟比例增加；烤后上部烟叶比叶重随之增大；上部烟叶的总氮、烟碱含量增加，糖碱比变小。随留叶数的增加烟株封顶株高增高、田间叶面积系数增大；烟叶产量、产值增加，但上等烟比例减少；烤后上部烟叶比叶重随之减小；上部烟叶的烟碱含量降低，糖碱比变大；烟叶化学成分趋向不协调。因此不能盲目增加施肥量与留叶数，以施肥90kg/hm2、留叶18片的处理化学成分最协调。

Influence of Fertilizer Rate and Leaf Population on Output Value and Chemical Content of Tobacco Leaves

In order to reveal the relation between the fertilizer rate, leaf population and tobacco leaf quality, two factor and three level trail were conducted including 72kg/hm2, 90kg/hm2, 108kg/hm2 fertilizer rate and 15,18,21 slice of leaves population at Chuxiong. The results showed that increased fertilizer rate can promote the plant pericanlome length, internodal length, improve the maximum leaf area indexes, reduce the resistance against tobacco powdery mildew and brown spot, raise the leaf yield, value, top quality leaves rate and the specific leaf weight of upper flue-cured leaves, increase content of the total nitrogen and nicotine, decrease sugar-nicotine ratio. However, the increased leaf number made plant height higher, leaf area index in field more accretive, the leaf area index, yield and value more, but it can reduce the top quality leaves rate and the specific leaf weight of upper flue-cured leaves, meanwhile cut down the nicotine content, which induced the raising sugar-nicotine ratio and the uncoordinative chemical content of tobacco leaves. So we cannot increase the fertilizer rate and the leaf population indiscriminately, on the contrary we must applicate fertilizer and keep leaf number rationally to gain the tobacco leaves which chemicical content were coordinative.