广西地方甘薯种质资源调查收集与初步鉴定

【目的】对广西地方甘薯种质资源进行调查收集及初步鉴定，为甘薯种质资源的保存和创新利用提供参考。【方法】依托第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动和广西科技重大专项“广西农作物种质资源收集与鉴定评价”，2015—2020年采用实地走访调查的方法在广西全区范围内开展地方甘薯种质资源的调查及收集工作，并对其农艺性状进行测定。【结果】共收集到甘薯种质324份，从水平分布来看，大部分资源分布在北部和东部，中部和南部分布较少，其余地方有零星分布；从垂直分布看，甘薯种质资源主要集中分布在海拔为0~900 m范围内，海拔900 m以上的种质资源分布较少。对305份种质进行农艺性状鉴定，结果显示为匍匐型的种质最多，半直立型次之，攀缘型最少；叶菜专用型占13份，其他类型的种质占292份；筛选出56份干物率达30.00%以上的高干物率甘薯种质；甘薯同种异名或同名异种的情况比较突出，鉴定后获得106份不重复的甘薯种质资源；结合农户的认知，评价出了槟榔薯、姑娘薯及外婆藤等优异甘薯种质。【结论】广西甘薯地方种质种类较丰富，但分布不均匀，且随着种植业结构的调整及土地经营方式等变化，很多地方甘薯种质资源遭到淘汰而消失，因此今后仍需加强甘薯种质资源的保护、调查和收集工作，并进行深度鉴定、评价以及合理开发利用。

Investigation,collection and preliminary identification of sweet potato germplasm resources in Guangxi

【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate and identify the germplasm resources of sweet potato in Guangxi, to protect local sweet potato germplasms carrying important genes, and to provide a reference for the preservation and innovative utilization of sweet potato germplasm resources.【Method】 Based on the Third National Survey and Collection Action on Crop Germplasm Resources and the major Guangxi science and technology special project "Collection, Identification and Evaluation of Guangxi Crop Germplasm Resources", this study summarized the survey, collection and preliminary identification of local sweet potato germplasms in Guangxi, investigated and collected local sweet potato germplasm resources in the whole region of Guangxi from 2015-2020, and measured the agronomic traits.【Result】 A total of 324 sweet potato germplasms were collected. From the horizontal distribution analysis, the resources were mainly distributed in the north and east, to a lesser extent in the central and southern parts, and with sporadic distribution elsewhere. From the vertical distribution analysis, the germplasms were mainly distributed in the altitude range from 0 to 900 m, and less in range over 900 m. Agronomic characterization of 305 germplasms was completed. The prostrate type had the most germplasms, the semi-erect type followed, and the climbing type had the least germplasms. There were 13 specialized leafy vegetable germplasms and 292 other germplasms. 56 sweet potato germplasms with high dry matter rate over 30.00% were screened. Due to confusion on names of sweet potato germplasm resources, same-germplasm with different names or same-name for different germplasm, a total of 106 non-duplicate germplasms were identified. Some excellent germplasms were identified, such as Binlangshu, Guniangshu and Waipoteng, etc.【Conclusion】 The sweet potato germplasm resources in Guangxi are relatively rich, but with uneven distribution. With the adjustment of planting structure and land management mode, many local sweet potato germplasm resources are eliminated and disappeared. It is necessary to strengthen the protection, investigation and collection of germplasm resources of sweet potato, and carry out in-depth identification, evaluation and reasonable development and utilization in Guangxi.