43个玉米品种在新疆吐鲁番旱区表现和抗旱类群划分

目的 基于形态指标和产量指标,将43份引进玉米品种划分为不同群体,并筛选出适合新疆旱区种植的玉米品种。方法 以43个玉米品种为材料,测定其在干旱胁迫下株高、穗位高、茎粗、单株穗数、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、穗粒重、百粒重、籽粒产量以及茎叶鲜重和茎叶干重等12项指标。运用相关分析、主成分分析、聚类分析、逐步判别分析和多元方差分析等方法综合评价多个玉米品种的抗旱性能。结果 12项数量性状间存在一定的相关性和信息的重叠,35对数量性状的相关系数达极显著水平,21对数量性状相关系数达到显著水平。前3个主成分代表了43个玉米品种的12项数量性状71.02%的信息,其贡献率分别为27.49%、27.41%和16.12%。其中,第一主成分是营养体生长状况,包括株高、穗位高、茎粗和茎叶重量;第二主成分是生殖生长状况,包括穗数、穗长、穗粒重、百粒重和产量;第三主成分是穗行数和穗粗。当类间距离为4.5时,43个玉米品种被聚为5大类。其中,第Ⅱ类属于高产品种,包含3个品种;第Ⅲ类属于中高产品种,包含7个品种;第Ⅳ类属于中产品种,包含10个品种;第V类属于中低产品种,包含19个品种;第Ⅰ类属于低产品种,包含4个品种。42个玉米品种被正确判别,判对概率为97.67%;1个玉米品种被误判,误判率为2.33%。结论 类群划分的结果准确可靠,选育的第Ⅱ类和第Ⅲ类玉米品种能够显著的增产,玉米育种在抗旱性方面进展明显。玉米正播模式引种,辽单145和辽单1211;复播玉米品种郑单958最佳。

Performance and Drought Resisting Group Classification of 43 Maize Varieties in the Arid Area of Turpan,Xinjiang

【Objective】 Based on the morphological indexs and yield indexes, this study aims to classify 43 maize varieties into different groups, and screen out the varieties which are suitable for planting in Xinjiang arid area. 【Methods】 With 43 maize varieties as test materials, 12 indicators, including plant height, high ear position, thick stem, single ears, ear length, thick ears, ears, heavy ears, grain weight, grain yield, fresh weight and stem and leaf dry weight, were determined under the condition of water deficit. The drought resistance performance of multiple maize varieties was comprehensively evaluated by relevant analysis, main component analysis, clustering analysis, gradual discrimination analysis and multi-variance analysis. 【Results】 Firstly, the results of the correlation analysis showed that there was a certain correlation and overlap of information between 12 quantitative traits,because 35 of these coefficients were extremely significantly correlated at P< 0.01 and 21 of them were significantly correlated at P< 0.05. Secondly, the results of the principal components analysis showed that the first three principal components represented 71.02% of the information which was the 12 quantitative traits of the 43 maize cultivars. The contribution rate was 27.49%, 27.41% and 16.12%, respectively. Among them, the first principal component is vegetative growth status, including plant height, ear position height, stem diameter and weight of stems and leaves;the second principal component was reproductive growth status, including the number of ears per plant, ear length, kernel weight per ear,100-kernels weight and Grain yield;the third principal component was rows per ear and ear diameter. Thirdly, the results of the hierarchical cluster analysis and multivariate analysis of variance showed that the 43 maize cultivars were clustered into five categories when the class separation distance was 4.5. Among the five categories,the second class belonged to high yield varieties, including 3 varieties; the third class belonged to medium and high yield varieties, including 7 varieties; the fourth class belonged to the middle class, including 10 varieties; the fifth class belonged to middle and low yield varieties, including 19 varieties; the first class belonged to the low yield variety, including 4 varieties. Finally,the results of the Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that the results of cluster analysis were accurate and reliable,because 42 maize cultivars were correctly discriminated, whose identification rate was 97.67% and 1maize cultivars were incorrectly discriminated, whose false identification rate was 2.33%. This indicates that the results of group classification are accurate and reliable. 【Conclusion】 The second class and the third class maize varieties can significantly increase the yield, which indicates that maize breeding in China has made obvious progress in drought resistance in recent years. In one crop a year cultivation pattern, late maturing varieties with the same latitude, such as Liaodan 145 and Liaodan 1211 should be introduced. In two crops a year cultivation pattern, the best maize variety was Zhengdan 958.