减量追施氮肥运筹对棉花地上部干物质积累、分配及产量的影响

【目的】研究不同减量追施氮肥运筹对棉花地上部干物质积累、分配和产量的影响。【方法】5个处理施基肥量一致,以大田常规追施氮肥量为对照,在常规追施氮肥量的基础上减施10%、20%、30%、40%作为减量追施氮肥处理,分析减量追施氮肥对棉花地上部干物质积累、分配及产量的影响。【结果】常规追施氮肥量、减施10%追施氮肥量和减施20%追施氮肥量处理的棉花地上部干物质积累量、结铃数和籽棉产量均显著高于减施30%追施氮肥量和减施40%追施氮肥量处理,并且各处理生殖器官干物质分配比重按大小依次为减施10%追施氮肥量处理、常规追施氮肥量处理、减施20%追施氮肥量处理、减施30%追施氮肥量处理、减施40%追施氮肥量处理;追施氮肥量、棉花地上部干物质积累量及籽棉产量两两之间存在显著的线性正相关性。【结论】大田常规追施氮肥基础上减施10%追施氮肥量不会显著降低籽棉产量,对棉花的结铃数和铃重、衣分也均未显著降低,同时不会影响棉花地上部干物质积累量,且有利于棉株生殖器官分配比重的增加。

Effects of Reduced-Amount Nitrogen Application on Cotton Aboveground Dry Matter Accumulation,Distribution and Yield

【Objective】 To study the effects of different reduced-amount nitrogen topdressing application on cotton aboveground dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield. 【Methods】 The basal amount of each treatment was the same, and the field conventional nitrogen topdressing amount was taken as the control, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of the conventional nitrogen topdressing amount were applied as the reduced nitrogen topdressing treatments to analyze the effects of reduced nitrogen topdressing amount on cotton aboveground dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield. 【Results】 The amount of dry matter accumulated in the upper part of cotton field by conventional nitrogen fertilizer application treatment, 10% nitrogen topdressing reduced treatment and 20% nitrogen topdressing reduced treatment were significantly higher than that of 30% nitrogen topdressing reduced treatment and 40% nitrogen topdressing reduced treatment, and the proportion of dry matter distribution in each treatment of reproductive organs in order of size was: 10% nitrogen topdressing reduced treatment > conventional nitrogen topdressing treatment>20% nitrogen topdressing reduced treatment > 30% nitrogen topdressing reduced treatment >40% nitrogen topdressing reduced treatment. There was a significant linear positive correlation between nitrogen fertilizer, cotton dry matter accumulation and seed cotton yield. 【Conclusion】 On the basis of conventional field nitrogen application, 10%-20% reduction in the amount of nitrogen fertilizer will not significantly reduce seed cotton yield, and boll number, boll weight and fiber yield of cotton were not significantly affected. A 10% reduction in the amount of nitrogen fertilizer will not significantly reduce the aboveground dry matter accumulation, nor will it affect the increase of the proportion of reproductive organs.