板栗接种食用菌根真菌的菌根化效果及对幼苗促生效应的研究

目的]通过板栗幼苗人工接种食用菌根菌固体菌剂,分析其对板栗幼苗生长指标和根系菌根化的效果,以验证大红菇(菌株编号2014-10)、红绒盖牛肝菌(菌株编号2014-14)和美味牛肝菌(菌株编号50559)这3种食用菌根菌固体菌剂作为板栗接种体的有效性及其促生效应,为进一步探索"板栗食用菌根菌新型经济林栽培模式"提供基础。方法]在板栗播种时分别接种上述3种食用菌根菌固体菌剂,并设空白作对照。对当年生幼苗苗高、地径、根系干质量、侧根数、侧根总长、幼苗侵染率、吸收根侵染率等指标进行调查和分析,并制作菌根石蜡切片进行微观结构观察。结果]表明:(1)上述3种食用菌根菌在人工接种下均能侵染板栗幼苗根系,平均幼苗菌根化率分别达95.8%、87.0%和96.7%,平均吸收根菌根化率分别达57%、53%和50%,达较高的侵染强度;经微观观察,板栗幼苗根系均形成典型的菌根结构——菌丝套和哈蒂氏网。(2)与对照幼苗相比,3个菌种处理幼苗的平均苗高分别提高32.5%、24.0%和22.7%,平均地径分别提高19.4%、14.1%和5.0%,差异显著(P0.05);平均根系干质量分别提高18.9%、25.3%和14.1%,平均侧根数分别提高16.0%、14.1%和12.1%,平均侧根总长分别提高26.8%、28.9%和44.8%,差异极显著(P0.01)。结论](1)上述供试食用菌根菌均与板栗根系建立了共生关系,幼苗菌根化效果良好,吸收根菌根化强度高,形成了菌根的典型结构,即菌丝套和哈蒂氏网,验证了上述菌种固体菌剂的有效性,认为其可以作为板栗食用菌根菌栽培的接种体而用于生产实践,为探索"板栗食用菌根菌新型经济林栽培模式"提供了基础。(2)上述供试菌种接种后,对板栗幼苗各项主要生长指标均有不同程度的促进作用,说明上述食用菌根菌对板栗幼苗具有显著的促生效应。

Study of Mycorrization of Inoculating Edible Mycorrhizal Fungi on Chinese Chestnut and Its Effect on Promoting Seedling Growth

Objective] jective of this study is to verify the effectiveness of three edible mycorrhizal fungi species (Russula alutacea, Xerocomus chrysenteron, and Boletus edulis) as solid inocula and their effect on promoting the growth of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) seedlings, so as to provide some references for the study of "new non-timber forest cultivation model of Chinese chestnut-edible mycorrhizal fungi".Method] The three species of mycorrhizal fungi were inoculated when sowing Chinese chestnut. The seedling height, basal diameter, root dry biomass, lateral root number, lateral root length, seedling infection rate, infection rate of absorption root were investigated and analyzed.Result] The results show that:(1) The 3 mycorrhizal fungi species could infect the root of Chinese chestnut seedling under artificial inoculation condition, the average infection rates of the 3 mycorrhizal fungi species were 95.8%, 87.0% and 96.7% respectively, the average infection rates of absorption root were 57%, 53% and 50% respectively, showing that the infection rate reached a high level. The results of microscopic observation showed that the typical structure of the mycelial mantle and Hartig net were formed. (2) Compared with the control seedlings, the average heights of treated seedlings increased by 32.5%, 23.9% and 22.7% respectively, the average diameters increased by 19.4%, 14.1% and 5.0% respectively. significantly differences were observed between treated seedlings and control (P<0.05). The average root dry biomass increased by 18.9%, 25.3% and 14.1% respectively, the average number of lateral roots increased by 16%, 14.1% and 12.1% respectively, the average length of lateral roots increased by 26.8%, 28.9% and 44.8% respectively, highly significantly differences were observed between treated seedlings and control (P<0.01).Conclusion] (1) The 3 mycorrhizal fungi species established a symbiotic relation with Chinese chestnut root, and formed a typical structure of mycorrhizae, i.e. the mycelial mantle and Hartig net. The results verified the effectiveness of the solid edible mycorrhizal inocula. It was proved that they can be used as inocula for the Chinese chestnut cultivation. It provided the references for the study of the "new non-timber forest cultivation model of Chinese chestnut-edible mycorrhizal fungi". (2) In the study, the main growth indexes of Chinese chestnut seedlings were promoted in various degrees, which showed that the edible mycorrhizal fungi had a significant effect on promoting the growth of Chinese chestnut seedlings.