氮钾肥不同比例分段追施对日光温室番茄越冬长季节栽培产量与品质的影响

以尿素和硫酸钾为N、K肥源,采用有机基质进行日光温室番茄越冬长季节栽培,考察N、K肥(N:K2O)不同比例分段追施对番茄果实品质的影响。试验按追肥方案不同设分段追肥与对照两个处理,分段追肥处理追肥比例依次为座果期N:K2O=1:1(3次)、采收初期N:K2O=1:1.2(3次)、采收中期N:K2O=1:1.4(3次)、采收末期N:K2O=1:1.2(两次),对照则始终按N:K2O=1:1.2(11次)进行处理。结果表明:两种试验处理对番茄植株形态指标影响不大,分段追肥处理增加了番茄茎粗,但差异并不显著;两种处理对番茄总座果穗数影响不大,但分段追肥却显著增加了有效果穗率从而增加了番茄有效果穗数;从整个采收期来看,分段追肥处理显著增加了番茄座果数与单果重,从而显著增加了番茄产量;两种处理在采收初期对番茄果实品质影响差异不显著,分段追肥处理在采收末期显著增加了果实中Vc含量,采收末期番茄果实品质的各项指标含量均高于同处理下采收初期的指标含量。

Effects of Sequential Top Dressings different in N:K on Yield and Quality of Tomato in Greenhouse

During the growth of tomato over the winter in greenhouse,the crop needs more nitrogen and potassium fertilizers than phosphorus fertilizer,and a proper N:K ratio in fertilization is very important for the crop. An experiment was carried out on sequential top dressings different in N:K ratio to determine their effects on fruit setting and quality of the fruits of tomato growing over the winter in greenhouse. Two treatments were both designed to have 11 top dressings. Treatment One,as control,had a fixed N:K ratio (N:K2O = 1:1.2) and Treatment Two varied ones,i.e. 3 top dressings (N:K2O = 1:1) at the fruit-setting stage,3 (N:K2O = 1:1.2) at the initial harvesting stage,3 (N:K2O = 1:1.4) at the mid-harvesting stage,and 2 (N:K2O = 1:1.2) at the late harvesting stage. Results showed that the two treatments differed slightly in plant shape indices,e.g. stem diameter,and in total number of fruit tassels,but Treatment Two had a bigger number of effective fruit tassels. During the harvesting season,Treatment Two significantly increased the number of fruits set and single fruit weight,which resulted in a significant increase in tomato yield. The two treatments did not differ much in their effects on fruit quality at the initial harvesting stage,but did significantly at the late harvesting stage,especially in terms of Vc content in fruit. The fruits harvested at the late stage were found to be higher than the ones harvested at the initial harvesting stage in all the quality indices.