肥桃根系习性的研究

1980～1985年在田间和盆栽条件下研究了肥城桃根系分布、根型、形态解剖特点、根的生长动态、活性及其影响因素。根的分布和根型受土壤条件的影响而有很大的可塑性。根的集中分布层可看作生态最适层,研究該层的条件并扩大集中分布层有重要意义。根的年生长与地上部的生长有交替节奏,与土壤温度也相吻合。开花结果对根生长有明显影响。去除花芽促进根的生长,但去除叶芽抑制生根并导致死亡。根温适宜而地上部深休眠时不能生根。即便根无休眠期,但根的生长也依賴地上部叶芽蔭发过程的启动。关于根生长的研究应当深入到激素效应方面。用TTC还原量为指标测定了根的活性,6月根盛长期最强,8月多雨季节急剧下降,10月落叶时降到最低;通气良好的砂壤土比粘土中根活性强;摘除叶片三天后使根活性明显减弱。疏松土壤、防止积水、保护叶片对增强根的活性是重要的。

STUDIES ON THE ROOT HABITS OF FEICHENG PEACH

The distribution, type, morphology, anatomy, growth and activityof Feicheng peach roots were investigated under field or pot conditionsfrom 1980 to 1985. The distribution of peach roots were influenced by thesoil environment and showed considerable plasticity There was a con-centrative layer in the vertical distribution of roots and it could beconsidered as a best ecological layer of soil. There existed alternaterhythm between the annual growth of root and crowm, which coincidedwith changes of soil temperatures. The consumption by flowering andfruitng influenced the root growth. Removing flower buds enhanced itsgrowth. Removing leaf buds in early spring inhibited the growth of newroots and caused the tree death. Just proper temperatures of soil couldnot result in the growth of new roots during the deep dormant period ofcrown. Even if the root had no dormancy, its growth a1so depended onthe start of leaf bud germination. The studies on root growth must beextended to the effects of plant hormones. It has been seen that thesoil aeration and leaf condition were two important factors, when theroot activity was studied by using the reduced amount of TTC as anindex. Protecting leaves, loosening soil and preventing water-loggingwere essential to the increment of the root activity.