不同灌溉方式对南方优质食味晚籼稻产量及品质的影响

【目的】 探明南方优质食味晚籼稻产量、品质对不同灌溉方式的响应特征。【方法】于2018—2019年在江西农业大学人才培养产学研合作上高创新基地,开展不同灌溉方式对优质食味晚籼稻产量及稻米品质影响的大田试验,水分处理设置常规灌溉（CK）、持续淹水灌溉（CFI）和间歇灌溉（AWD）,供试品种为优质食味籼稻泰优871与普通食味籼稻荣优华占,分析测定稻田水分利用率、产量形成和稻米品质。【结果】不同灌溉方式对供试品种的产量构成和稻米品质存在显著影响,且2年变化趋势基本一致,但品种间存在一定差异。与CK和CFI处理相比,2年AWD处理总水分利用率分别增加了18.2%—62.5%、41.2%—91.7%。相比CK,AWD与CFI处理有增加2个供试品种产量的趋势,但优质食味籼稻品种产量无明显变化,仅2018年普通食味籼稻品种产量在AWD处理下增加显著,增产原因主要在于每穗粒数增加明显。AWD处理总体有利于稻米加工品质,而与CK和AWD处理相比,CFI处理则显著降低了稻米的垩白率和垩白度,有利于外观品质的改善。不同灌溉处理下不同食味类型品种直链淀粉含量存在年度间差异,2019年AWD较CFI处理显著增加了稻米直链淀粉含量;同时,2年AWD较CFI处理也显著增加不同食味类型品种的胶稠度、峰值黏度及崩解值,且降低了消减值,提升了稻米的适口性,而CFI处理较CK与AWD处理则显著增加稻米的蛋白质含量,但不同灌溉方式对优质食味籼稻品种直链淀粉、营养品质与稻米RVA谱特征值的影响效应要高于普通食味籼稻品种。【结论】间歇灌溉处理提高了供试品种的水分利用率,有利于增加优质食味籼稻产量,改善了稻米加工,但不利于外观品质的改善,同时间歇灌溉处理可降低消减值及稻米蛋白质含量,提升胶稠度、峰值黏度、热浆黏度及崩解值,有利于改善稻米蒸煮食味的适口性;而持续淹水灌溉有利于改善稻外观品质。间歇灌溉方式可作为南方优质食味晚籼稻品种高质高效的节水灌溉模式。

Effects of Irrigation Management on Grain Yield and Quality of High-Quality Eating Late-Season Indica Rice in South China

【Objective】The aim of this study was to probe the response characteristics of the grain yield and quality of southern high-quality eating late indica rice to irrigation management.【Method】 Field experiments irrigation were conducted at Shanggao Experimental Base of Jiangxi Agricultural University in 2018 and 2019. The different irrigation management of the field treatments was conducted as follows: conventional irrigation (CK), constant flooding irrigation (CFI) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD). The two indica rice cultivars, including Taiyou 871 for good-quality eating rice and Rongyouhuazhan for common eating quality rice, were used to analyze and determine water use efficiency, grain yield and rice quality. 【Result】 Different irrigation managements had a significant effects on the grain yield components quality of the two indica rice cultivars, and the trend was consistent over the two years, but there were differences among the cultivars. Compared with CK and CFI, the total water use efficiency under AWD in two years was increased by 18.2%-62.5% and 41.2%-91.7%, respectively. Compared with CK, AWD and CFI showed a trend to increase grain yield of the two cultivars, but the grain yield had no significant change in the high-quality eating indica rice cultivars. Only in 2018, the yield of the common indica rice cultivars increased significantly under AWD treatment, mainly because the number of grains per ear increased significantly. AWD was beneficial to the rice processing quality. Compared with CK and AWD, CFI significantly reduced the chalky rate and chalkiness, which was beneficial to the improvement of the rice appearance quality. There were annual differences in the amylose content of the different eating quality cultivars under different irrigation managements. In 2019, compared with CFI, AWD significantly increased the amylose content of the two cultivars, at the same time, AWD also significantly increased gel consistency, peak viscosity and breakdown, decreased setback, and improved the palatability of the two cultivars in two years. Compared with CK, CFI significantly increased protein content of the two cultivars. However, the effects of irrigation management on amylose, nutritional quality and RVA characteristics of high-quality eating indica rice cultivars were higher than those of common eating quality indica rice cultivars. 【Conclusion】 Alternate wetting and drying improved water use efficiency of two cultivars, which was beneficial to increase high-quality eating late-season indica rice yield and improve processing quality, but was not conducive to the improvement of appearance quality. At the same time, alternate wetting and drying could reduce setback and protein content, increase gel consistency, peak viscosity, trough viscosity and breakdown to improve the palatability of cooked rice, but constant flooding irrigation was beneficial to improving the appearance quality of rice. Alternate wetting and drying could be used as a high-quality and high-efficiency water-saving irrigation model for high-quality eating late-season indica rice in South China.