不同饲养方式下的羊产排污系数对比研究

为了对比研究不同饲养方式下的羊产排污系数，在我国云贵高原牧区选择一家以半放牧半舍饲为饲养方式的规模化羊场，在长江中下游丘陵地区选择一家全舍饲的规模化羊场作为试验地点，对不同饲养阶段的贵州半细毛羊和湖羊的产污系数和排污系数进行了测定。结果表明：产污系数方面，贵州半细毛羊的平均粪便量、尿液量、化学需氧量（COD）、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、铵态氮（NH⁺₄-N）、硝态氮（NO^-₃-N）、铜（Cu）和锌（Zn）产污系数分别为0.97 kg·d^-1·只^-1、0.53 L·d^-1·只^-1、318.01 g·d^-1·只^-1、7.12 g·d^-1·只^-1、2.03 g·d^-1·只^-1、2.89 g·d^-1·只^-1、41.00 mg·d^-1·只^-1、0.76 mg·d^-1·只^-1、14.77 mg·d^-1·只^-1；湖羊的数值分别为0.99 kg·d^-1·只^-1、0.56 L·d^-1·只^-1、384.76 g·d^-1·只^-1、8.98 g·d^-1·只^-1、1.56 g·d^-1·只^-1、1.46 g·d^-1·只^-1、41.34 mg·d^-1·只^-1、0.38 mg·d^-1·只^-1、41.84 mg·d^-1·只^-1。粪便量与饲料量、尿液量与饮水量之间均呈显著正相关。排污系数方面，排污系数除受产污系数影响外，还与粪便量、粪尿中污染物浓度、饲养方式等有关。排污系数与产污系数的比值（排产比）与羊饲养方式和清粪方式有关，以全舍饲为饲养方式的羊场各污染物排产比均低于半放牧半舍饲羊场。因此，在不考虑成本和养殖规模的前提下，为了控制羊养殖业对环境造成的污染，应首选全舍饲的饲养方式。

Comparative study of pollutant production and the discharge coefficient of sheep under different feeding methods

To compare pollutant production and the discharge coefficient of sheep under different feeding methods, a large-scale sheep farm with half pasturing and half pen feeding in the pastoral areas of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and another sheep farm with full pen feeding in the hilly areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China were selected as experimental sites. Pollutant production and the discharge coefficient of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep and Hu sheep were measured at different feeding stages. The results showed that the pollutant production coefficient of manure, urine, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, copper, and zinc were 0.97 kg·d^-1, 0.53 L·d^-1, 318.01 g·d^-1, 7.12 g·d^-1, 2.03 g·d^-1, 2.89 g·d^-1, 41.00 mg·d^-1, 0.76 mg·d^-1, and 14.77 mg·d^-1, respectively, for every Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep and 0.99 kg·d^-1, 0.56 L·d^-1, 384.76 g·d^-1, 8.98 g·d^-1, 1.56 g·d^-1, 1.46 g·d^-1, 41.34 mg·d^-1, 0.38 mg·d^-1, and 41.84 mg·d^-1, respectively, for every Hu sheep. There were significant positive relationships between feces weight and feed weight and between urine volume and water volume. The pollutant discharge coefficient was affected by the pollutant production coefficient, and was related to feces weight, the concentration of pollutants in feces and urine, and the feeding method. The ratio of the pollutant discharge coefficient to the production coefficient was related to the sheep feeding method and the excrement cleaning method. This ratio was lower for sheep farms with full pen feeding than those with half pasturing and half pen feeding. Therefore, if the cost and breeding scale are not considered, to control the environmental pollution caused by the sheep breeding industry in China, the full pen feeding method is recommended.