有机改良剂对温室土壤及番茄质量的影响

研究了优培-海藻生物有机肥(Y)、微生物菌肥(W)和腐植酸有机肥对日光温室土壤的理化性质、有效态微量元素含量、酶活性以及番茄品质等方面的影响,旨在探索快速、简易且廉价的土壤改良方法,为日光温室土壤改良及有机蔬菜生产提供理论依据。结果表明,不同土壤改良剂对土壤p H无显著影响,在番茄生育期内土壤p H值始终在7.0以上,没有出现酸化问题;拉秧后,除中量腐植酸有机肥(FM)外,其他各处理均能有效降低土壤EC值并达到极显著水平;各处理对提升有效态Mn、Zn和Fe含量的效果不显著,其中,仅高量腐植酸有机肥处理(FH)能同时提高开花结果盛期0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的有效态Zn含量,与CK相比,分别增加10.8%和13.2%;不同土壤改良剂均可提高土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性;不同土壤改良剂对碱性磷酸酶的酶活性影响较小;微生物菌肥对酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的酶活性影响相对明显;不同土壤改良剂均能提高番茄可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸和维生素C的含量,其中,中量腐植酸有机肥处理提高了番茄的糖酸比。土壤改良剂可有效改善日光温室土壤特性及番茄品质。

Effects of Organic Amendments on the Quality of Greenhouse Soil and Tomato Quality

To discover a rapid,simple and cheap method to improve soil properties,this experiment researched the effects of biological organic fertilizer (Y),microbial fertilizer (W) and humic acid fertilizer on the physicochemical property of soil,content of effective microelements,enzymatic activity and the quality of tomato in greenhouse.The results showed that each soil organic amendment did not contribute significantly to the pH value of soil,the pH value of soil was always above 7.0 during the crop growth period,and no acidification problem.After harvest,all fertilizers could reduce the level of EC except the middle level humic acid fertilizer (FM).Each fertilizer had no significantly effect on the available Mn,Zn and Fe content,only the high level humic acid fertilizer (FH) could improve available Zn content in 0-20 cm(increased 10.8%) and 20-40 cm (increased 13.2%) soil layers at full fruiting stage.The activity of urease and sucrase increased after all treatments.All treatments provided less influence on the alkaline phosphatase activity.The activity of acid phosphatase and catalase was relatively affected by microbial fertilizer.All treatments increased the contents of soluble solid,soluble sugar,titratable acid and vitamin C,the middle level humic acid fertilizer improved the sugar-acid ratio among treatments.Above all,soil organic amendment could effectively improve the soil characteristics and tomato quality in greenhouse.