粒重基因TaCwi-A1等位变异在黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)中的分布及功能分析

为探讨小麦粒重基因TaCwi-A1等位变异TaCwi-A1a和TaCwi-A1b在育种实践中的应用价值,首先利用TaCwi-A1功能标记对539份黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)进行分子检测,确定各供试材料的等位变异类型,从而获得TaCwi-A1a和TaCwi-A1b 2种等位变异的分布频率。对审定品种、参加区试品系以及自育品系进行了千粒质量(3个不同生长环境)及粒长、粒宽和籽粒面积(1个生长环境)测试分析,比较TaCwi-A1a和TaCwi-A1b等位变异籽粒表型性状的差异性。结果表明,在539份黄淮麦区小麦资源中TaCwi-A1a的分布频率为65.03%,TaCwi-A1b的分布频率为34.97%,TaCwi-A1a的分布频率明显高于TaCwi-A1b。籽粒表型性状分析表明,无论是审定品种,还是参加区试品系和自育品系,在3个生长环境下,TaCwi-A1a基因型材料的千粒质量均值都显著高于TaCwi-A1b;TaCwi-A1a基因型材料的粒长和粒宽均显著高于TaCwi-A1b。进一步验证了TaCwi-A1a等位变异的籽粒表型性状增效功能,说明其对粒重及其构成要素是优异的等位变异。此外,本研究鉴定了黄淮麦区中TaCwi-A1等位变异的分布情况,为亲本选配提供了参考。

Functional Analysis and Distribution of Allelic Variations of TaCwi-A1 Gene Related to Kernel Weight in Yellow and Huai River Valleys Facultative Wheat Zone

In order to evaluate the breeding application value of two kind of allelic variations(TaCwi-A1a and TaCwi-A1b)of TaCwi-A1 gene,which was related to wheat kernel weight.In this study,539 wheat varieties(lines)in Yellow and Huai River Valleys Facultative Wheat Zone in China were genotyped using functional markers of TaCwi-A1 to determine the allelic variation types,in which the frequencies of TaCwi-A1a and TaCwi-A1b could be detected.To compare the differences of phenotypic traits of TaCwi-A1a and TaCwi-A1b,thousand kernel weight(TKW)of released varieties,region test varieties,and breeding varieties was evaluated in three environments;and kernel length(KL),kernel width(KW),and kernel area(KA)was also evaluated in one environment.The results showed that the frequencies of TaCwi-A1a and TaCwi-A1b were 65.03% and 34.97% in all test materials,in which the frequency of TaCwi-A1a was significantly higher than TaCwi-A1b.Analysis of phenotypic traits of grain showed that TKW of TaCwi-A1a was significantly higher than TaCwi-A1b in released varieties,region test varieties and breeding varieties.Similarly,KL and KW of TaCwi-A1a were also significantly higher than TaCwi-A1b.This study further verified the additive effect of TaCwi-A1a on phenotypic traits of grain,which showed that TaCwi-A1a was superior allelic variation for the grain weight and its constituent elements.In addition,the study identified the distribution of TaCwi-A1 in Yellow and Huai River Valleys Facultative Wheat Zone in China,and provided useful information for the marker-assisted selection of wheat.