不同人工育王方式对工蜂的形态差异影响

采集区域产卵和自然产卵2种不同人工育王方式培育下的蜜蜂(Apis L.)群各3群。参照Ruttner提出的38个蜜蜂形态指标进行测定,每群测定15只工蜂,每只测定40个指标。结果显示,18个跟蜜蜂体型大小相关的指标中,有15个指标试验组大于对照组,其中跗节长、第三腹板长的差异达到显著水平;而吻长、胫节长、跗节宽、第三腹板蜡镜长、第三腹板蜡镜斜长、第三腹板蜡镜间距、第六腹板长、第六腹板宽的差异达到极显著水平,说明控制蜂王在特定区域产卵的方法能使其后代工蜂的体型增大;而试验组的肘脉a和肘脉b都减小,11个翅脉角中有7个减小,后翅翅够数也减小,说明不同的育王方式能引起蜜蜂翅型和翅脉的变化,但多数差异不显著。在8个跟蜜蜂体色相关的指标中,试验组的小盾片颜色K、颜色B和喙的颜色Lab1均大于对照组,差异达到极显著水平,而试验组第四背板颜色小于对照组,差异达到极显著水平,说明不同的育王方式能引起蜜蜂体色不同程度的变化。由此表明,不同的人工育王方式能使后代工蜂的形态发生不同程度的改变,这为培育优质蜂王提供了参考。

The Impact of Different Method of Rearing Queen on Morphological Differences of Worker Bees

A total of 6 bee groups cultured by different rearing queen methods (area spawning and natural spawning) were collected. 40 morphological indexes of 15 worker bees(Apis L.) in each group were determined consulting the 38 morphologi-cal indexes of the bees raised by Ruttner. The results showed that, of 18 indexes related to size and shape of bees indica-tors, 15 indicators in experimental group were higher than the control group, the difference of metatarsus length and length of the third sternit reached significant level; while the difference of proboscis length, tibia lenght, metatarsus width and waxmirror length, waxmirror width, waxmirror distance of the 3rd sternit, the 6th sternit length and swidth reached very sig-nificant level, indicating that controlling the queen to laying in a specific area of could increase the size of worker bees off-springs. The size of cubital a and b of the test group reduced; while among the 11 cubital angles, 7 decreased; moreover, the number of wing hook also reduced, indcating that different raring queen method can cause changes in bee wing type and cubital. Among 8 bee colour related indicators, pigment scutellum K, B and pigment of 1st labrum 1 (Lab1) of the experi-mental group was significantly greater than that of the control group; while the pigment of the 4th tergit of the experimental group was significantly smaller than that of the control group, indicating that different ways of rearing queen can cause dif-ferent degrees of variation of bee colour. Different ways of rearing queen cause different morphological change of c worker bees, which provide reference for cultivating high-quality bee queens.