夹持辊式棉秆拔取装置设计与试验

针对现有棉秆收获机械拔断率、漏拔率高，作业时需对行等问题，设计了一种夹持辊式棉秆拔取装置。该装置主要由棉秆拔取机构、棉秆输送机构组成，通过对棉秆拔取机构作业过程进行运动学与动力学分析确定了各零部件的结构参数与工作参数。为了验证棉秆拔取装置工作的可靠性与作业性能，以机具前进速度、上拔秆辊转速、机具前进速度与拨秆轮线速度比值(简称速比)作为试验因素，棉秆拔断率、漏拔率为试验指标进行了三因素三水平二次回归响应面试验，建立了回归模型，分析了各因素对棉秆拔取装置作业性能的影响，并进行了参数优化与试验验证。试验结果表明：影响棉秆拔断率的因素主次顺序为上拔秆辊转速、机具前进速度、速比；影响棉秆漏拔率的因素主次顺序为速比、机具前进速度、上拔秆辊转速。优化后的工作参数为：机具前进速度0.60 m/s、上拔秆辊转速46 r/min、速比0.50,以此参数组合进行田间试验，得到棉秆拔断率为3.68%,漏拔率为5.19%,与理论优化值相对误差不超过5%,研究结果可为棉秆拔取装置的设计提供参考。

Design and Test of Clamping-roller Cotton Stalk Pulling Device

In response to the existing cotton stalk harvesting machinery has high breakage rate, high leakage rate, and the need of work on rows and other problems, a clamping-roller cotton stalk pulling device was designed. The device was mainly composed of cotton stalk pulling mechanism and cotton stalk conveying mechanism, and the structural parameters and working parameters of each component were determined through the kinematic and dynamics analysis of the operation process of the cotton stalk pulling mechanism. In order to verify the reliability and operational performance of the cotton stalk pulling device, a three-factors, three-levels quadratic regression orthogonal test was conducted with the forward speed of machine, the speed of upper stalk pulling roller, the ratio of forward speed of the machine to the linear speed of the stalk plucking wheel (referred to as the speed ratio) as the test factors, and the stalk breakage rate and the leakage rate as the test indexes. A regression model was established to analyze the influence of each factor on the operational performance of the cotton stalk pulling device, and parameter optimization and test verification were carried out. The test results showed that the factors affecting the stalk breakage rate in the main order was upper stalk roller speed, machine forward speed and speed ratio;the factors affecting the stalk leakage rate in the main order was speed ratio, machine forward speed and upper stalk roller speed. The optimized working parameters was as follows: machine forward speed of 0.60m/s, upper stalk roller speed of 46r/min and speed ratio of 0.50 for field test, the combination of these parameters was tested in the field, and the stalk breakage rate was 3.68%, and leakage rate was 5.19%, the relative error with the theoretical optimized value was not more than 5%, the research results can provide reference for the design of cotton stalk pulling device.