覆土对双孢蘑菇菌丝产量的影响

在双孢蘑菇（Agaricus bisporus）栽培中，以传统蘑菇砻糠田泥覆土为对照，研究了不同泥炭比例覆土配方的理化性状、细菌生长量、双孢蘑菇菌丝生物量及其产量。理化性状分析结果表明，不同泥炭比例覆土的空隙度、持水率，以及在-2.16 ~ -17.28 kPa水柱牵力下的水份释放量，都随着覆土中泥炭含量的增大而增大。磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)分析结果表明，100%、50%和30%泥炭覆土中的菌丝生物量均显著高于传统砻糠田泥覆土(P<0.05)，并随着泥炭比例的增大而增高；覆土中的菌丝生物量均于第2潮菇原基形成期达最大值。覆土中的细菌数量随着双孢蘑菇菌丝的生长而增多，不同覆土的细菌数量与其中的蘑菇菌丝生物量正相关，覆土中的细菌与蘑菇菌丝存在营养共生关系。栽培试验结果表明，蘑菇子实体形成量与覆土中的菌丝生物量密切正相关，与覆土持水率（含水量）正相关；覆土层蘑菇菌丝生物量和持水率，是蘑菇覆土基质优化的重要技术指标。

Effects of Different Casing Soil on Mycelium Biomass and Yield of Agaricus bisporus

Physical and chemical properties, culturable bacterial population and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profile of different casing soils at different mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus ) cropping stages were investigated. The air-filled porosity (AFP), water retention and water released under -2.16 kPa — -17.28 kPa of the casing soils increase with the increasing in the ratio of peat to soil. The results of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis indicated that mycelium biomass of Agaricus bisporus in 100%, 50% and 30% peat casing were significantly higher than that of traditional casing --soil with rice husk ( significant at P<0.05), and the increase in the ratio of peat to soil was accompanied by an increase in mycelium biomass. Comparatively higher mycelium biomass of Agaricus bisporus were found in all casing soils at the primordia stage of second flush. The increase of mycelium biomass of Agaricus bisporus in casing was accompanied by an increase in the bacterial population. The result may indicate the syntrophism between bacteria and mycelia during growth of mushroom. There is a strong positive correlation between the number of mushroom primordia and mycelium biomass in casing, and the yield of mushroom positively correlated with number of mushroom primordia and moisture content of casing soil. The important aspects of casing soil improvement are to increase mycelium biomass and water retention in casing.