部分印度小麦品种矮秆基因的检测及其对部分性状的影响

为了解印度小麦品种中矮秆基因的分布特点，明确矮秆基因对株高和胚芽鞘长度的影响，本研究利用8个小麦矮秆基因的特异分子标记结合赤霉素处理，检测21份印度小麦品种中的矮秆基因，并结合田间株高调查和室内胚芽鞘长度测量评价了该批材料中各种矮秆基因对株高和胚芽鞘长度的影响。结果表明，21份印度小麦品种中均检测到了相关矮秆基因，且均含有两个及其以上矮秆基因，其中含有3个矮秆基因的材料有13份，含有4个矮秆基因的材料有3份。该批材料中矮秆基因Rht8和Rht4的分布频率较高，分别占66.7%和61.9%；含有Rht5和Rht-B1b的材料也较多，分别占57.1%和52.4%；未检测到含有Rht12和Rht13基因的材料。赤霉素处理结果表明，该批材料中对赤霉素敏感的有4份。胚芽鞘长度调查结果表明，大部分材料的胚芽鞘长度比中国春的长，其中13份材料的胚芽鞘显著长于中国春。田间株高调查结果显示，该批材料株高均显著低于中国春。以上结果表明，这21份印度小麦品种中的矮秆基因降低株高的效应较强，且对幼苗胚芽鞘无不利影响，适于旱地矮秆小麦改良利用。

Detection of Dwarfing Genes in Some India Wheat Cultivars and Their Influences on Partial Agronomic Characteristics

To understand the dwarfing genes in some India wheat materials and define the effects of those dwarfing genes on plant height and coleoptilelength,Twenty one India wheat were tested with 8 specific molecular markers for wheat dwarfing genes and GA₃ treatments,then the effects of dwarfing genes on plant height and coleoptilelength were evaluated based on plant height from field and coleoptile length measured in lab. The results showed that all of the 21 India wheat cultivars contained two or more dwarfing genes,in which Rht8 and Rht4 had been utilized with the higher percentage of 66.7% and 61.9%,respectively,while Rht5 and Rht-B1b was utilized slightly lesser than these two at a percentage of 57.1% and 52.4%,respectively,none contained Rht12 and Rht13; Three cultivars had 4 dwarfing genes,and 13 cultivars had 3 dwarfing genes. Test on response to GA₃ of these cultivars revealed that only 4 cultivars were sensitive to GA₃. The coleoptile length of most cultivars were longer than Chinese Spring,among which the coleoptile length of 13 cultivars were significantly longer than Chinese Spring,the plant height of these cultivars were significantly lower than Chinese Spring. To summarize,the dwarfing genes in 21 India wheat cultivars shorten the plant height largely and had little adverse effect on the coleoptile length,and are suitable to dwarf wheat improvement for dryland.