放牧利用下气候因子和奶牛排泄物施肥对混播草地牧草生长的影响

研究了奶牛排泄物施肥对草地牧草生长速率、年产量的影响,分析了研究区主要气候因子(月均温,降水和日照时数)对牧草生长的效应。3个气候因子对牧草生长均具显著正效应(P<0.05和P<0.01),其影响顺序为降水>温度>日照时数;草地牧草的生长可很好地用PGR=a+b×P模型估测,PGR为牧草月生长速率,P为月降水量,a和b为常数。草地排泄物施肥能增加牧草生长速率,显著增加牧草年产量(P<0.05),使翌年牧草高峰期提前。通过对研究区降水资料和放牧家畜采食牧草需求资料分析,进行合理饲料预算,可做到以草定畜。

Effects of climatic factors and excreta fertilization on grass growth of mixed pasture

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of excreta fertilization on grass growth and annual dry matter yield,and the influences of main climatic factors,including of air temperature,precipitation and sunshine hours on grass growth were also analyzed.The three climatic factors showed the significant positive effecton grass growth(P<0.05 and P<0.01),and the effecting order of three climatic factors was precipitation>temperate>sunshine-hours.Grass growth could be estimated by the lineal model of PGR=a+b×P,where PGR is grass growth rate(DM kg/hm2·d),P is monthly precipitation(mm/month).Excreta fertilization could increase grass growth rate,significantly enhance the annual dry matter yield(P<0.05),and increase the peak value of grass growth rate in second year.Moreover,after analysis of precipitation and intake demand of grazing livestock,this research also could determine the feed supply and stocking rate by estimating grass yield.