土壤秸秆注孔对土壤含水量及作物生长的影响

目的] 研究土壤秸秆注孔对土壤含水量及作物生长的影响,为旱作农田增加雨水蓄集能力及提高水分利用效率提供理论依据。方法] 开展玉米-小麦轮作田间试验,设置常规种植(CK)、土壤秸秆注孔2孔/m²(T₁),4孔/m²(T₂),8孔/m²(T₃)4个处理。结果] 秸秆注孔所有处理均提高了整个试验期表层土壤含水量。T₂,T₃处理提高了收获期深层土壤含水量,试验结束时两者底层土壤(60-80 cm)含水量较CK分别提高了29.19 %和28.18 %。秸秆注孔处理提高了作物株高、经济产量和生物量,以及降水利用效率和水分利用效率,T₂,T₃处理的提高效果最明显,且彼此差异不显著。结论] 秸秆注孔具有保水性能和增产能力,根据成本和效果综合考虑,推荐秸秆注孔4孔/m²(T₂)作为优选处理。

Effects of Soil Straw Hole Injection on Soil Moisture Content and Crop Growth

Objective] The effects of soil straw hole injection on soil moisture content and crop growth were studied to provide a theoretical basis for increasing rainwater storage capacity and improving water use efficiency in dry farmland.Methods] A field trial of a maize-wheat rotation was carried out, with four treatments including conventional tillage (CK), and soil straw hole injection of 2 holes/m² (T₁), 4 holes/m² (T₂), and 8 holes/m² (T₃).Results] All three hole injection treatments increased the surface soil moisture during the entire experimental period. The T₂ and T₃ treatments increased the deep soil moisture content at harvest time, and the moisture content in the 60-80 cm soil layer increased 29.19 % and 28.18 %, respectively, compared with CK at the end of the experiment. Soil straw hole injection treatments increased plant height, yield, biomass, precipitation use efficiency, and water use efficiency. The T₂ and T₃ treatments had the most obvious effect on soil moisture and crop growth, with no significant difference between them.Conclusion] Water retention and yield were increased by soil straw hole injection treatments. Considering the cost and effects, soil straw hole injection of 4 holes/m² (T₂) is recommended.