北疆春大豆中黄35公顷产量超6吨的栽培技术创建

2008～2010年连续3a在新疆石河子地区以高产高油早熟大豆新品种“中黄35”为载体,采用大豆覆膜滴灌结合水肥同步的高产栽培技术,创造了小面积产量超6 000 kg·hm-2,大面积产量超4 500 kg·hm-2的全国大豆高产纪录;通过将肥料精确地随水滴人大豆根系区域,减少了肥料的挥发和渗漏损失,将水产比提高至1∶1.25 ～1∶1.32;氮肥利用率提高至20％ ～ 25％,磷肥利用率提高至5％～10％,实现了大豆田水肥藕合关键技术的突破;另外,通过化学调控技术的运用,实现了光、热、水、土资源的有效利用,达到高产高效和优质的目的.该项技术对提高我国的大豆单产和增加总产,起到了有力的科技支撑和示范作用.

Development of Soybean Cultivation Technology with the Yield over 6 Tonnes per Hectare for Soybean Cultivar Zhonghuang 35 in Northern Xinjiang Province

Based on the soybean cv.Zhonghuang 35 as the material,the soybean yield records with 4.5 tonnes per hectare in the great area and 6.0 tonnes per hectare in the small area were developed by the cultivation technology with plastic-mulched culture,drip irrigation and synchronous supply of water and fertilizer in 2008-2010 at Shihezi of Xinjiang province in China.In this method,the fertilizer was accurately released to the soybean roots with the water,so the loss of fertilizer was decreased,the ratio of water to product reached at 1∶1.25-1.32,the utilization ratio of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer were increased to 20%-25% and 5%-10%,respectively.It concluded that a novel breakthrough for the water-fertilizer coupling technique was achieved.Otherwise,in this study the resources including light,temperature,water and soil were utilized effectively using the chemical control and the purposes of high yield,high efficiency and good quality was also reached in soybean production.This soybean cultivation method can provide a powerful technical support for the yield and total production of soybean in China.