大豆远缘嫁接诱变技术的优化

为完善和优化大豆远缘嫁接诱变技术体系,以与大豆远缘的8种植物为砧木,以4个大豆品种(系)为接穗进行嫁接试验。结果表明:以6～8日龄的大豆幼苗作为接穗可提高远缘嫁接成活率,其中7日龄大豆幼苗的嫁接成活率最高。砧木类型对远缘嫁接大豆后代诱变率和诱变方向有重要影响,番茄/龙选1号、蓖麻/科绿2号、生姜/科绿2号、蓖麻/田丰90和洋姜/田丰90嫁接组合的诱变率最高,同时以生姜和番茄作为砧木与大豆接穗嫁接后代可出现高蛋白、高油和晚熟类型突变;以甘薯和马铃薯为砧木与大豆接穗嫁接后代可出现多分枝和丰产类型突变;以蓖麻和洋姜为砧木与大豆接穗嫁接后代可出现抗逆性强(抗倒伏)和植株矮化的突变类型;以南瓜和葫芦为砧木与大豆接穗嫁接后代可出现晚熟和高大植株的突变类型。嫁接亲和力评价结果表明,以南瓜、马铃薯、番茄和生姜作为砧木的嫁接亲和力较高,以科绿2号为接穗的嫁接亲和力较高。

Optimization of Distant Grafting Mutagenesis Technology in Soybean

Heterograft mutagenesis technology of plant is a kind of effective way for plant resources innovation,optimizing and improving the technical system of heterograft mutagenesis is presently an important and urgent task.The heterograft experiments with 8 species far from soybean in genetic relationship used as the rootstocks and 4 soybean varieties or lines used as the scions were conducted to improve and optimize the technical system of heterograft mutagenesis in soybean.The results indicated that the 6-8 days-old soybean seedlings as the scions when grafted could improve the survival rate of graft,among which the grafting survival rate for 7 days-old soybean seedlings was the highest.The types of rootstock had an important influence on the mutation rates and directions of heterografted soybean offspring,the grafting combinations for tomato/Longxuan 1,castor/Kelv 2,ginger/Kelv 2,castor/Tianfeng 90 and Jerusalem artichokes/Tianfeng 90 performed with the highest mutation rate.At the same time,the soybean scions grafted with ginger and tomatoes as the rootstocks might induce the mutations with high protein,high oil and late mature in the offspring,the branchy and high yield mutations in the offspring for the combinations of sweet potato and potatoes as the rootstocks,the strong resistance(lodging-resistance)and dwarf plant height mutations in the offspring for the combinations of castor and Jerusalem artichokes as rootstocks,and the late mature and tall plant height mutations in the offspring for the combinations of pumpkin and gourd as the rootstocks.Through the grafting compatibility evaluation,it was found that the rootstocks such as pumpkin,potatoes,tomatoes and ginger had higher grafting compatibility while soybean line Kelv 2 as the scion possessed higher grafting compatibility.