遥感多光谱成像在解析土壤成分方面的研究进展

土壤中营养成分的变化关乎农业的生产质量，其中水分、有机质、氮、磷、钾等养分信息是土壤肥力的关键，因此获取农田土壤成分信息对农田管理有重要意义。传统土壤检测方法烦琐复杂、费时费力、效率低下，难以满足现代农业发展的需要。随着遥感技术的不断发展与成熟，基于低空尺度的农业无人机和基于高空尺度的卫星平台弥补了地面监测的空缺与不足，飞行器搭载的多光谱传感器在土壤信息的快速、无损、实时获取领域表现出巨大潜力。介绍了多光谱技术特点，概括了遥感多光谱成像技术检测土壤成分的一般步骤，重点阐述了多光谱技术在检测土壤有机质、水分、盐分等方面的研究进展，探讨了遥感多光谱技术在解析土壤成分中涉及的主要方法，最后对农业遥感多光谱成像解析土壤成分进行了思考与展望。 

Research progress of remote sensing multispectral imaging in analyzing soil composition

Soil is the basis for implementing various technologies in agricultural production. The change of nutrient composition in soil is related to the quality of agricultural production. Nutrient information such as water, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is the key to soil fertility. Therefore, obtaining farmland soil composition information is of great significance to farmland management. Traditional soil testing methods are cumbersome, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and inefficient, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern agricultural development. In recent years, with the continuous development and maturity of remote sensing technology, agricultural drones based on low-altitude scales and satellite platforms based on high-altitude scales have made up for the vacancies and deficiencies of ground monitoring scales. The field of lossless, real-time acquisition shows great potential. This paper introduces the characteristics of multi-spectral technology, summarizes the general steps of remote sensing multi-spectral imaging technology to detect soil components, focuses on the research progress of multi-spectral technology in the detection of soil organic matter, moisture, salinity, etc. The main methods involved in soil composition are finally considered and prospected in the analysis of soil composition by agricultural remote sensing multispectral imaging.