辣椒/玉米间作条件下土壤持水能力和作物水分利用特征研究

通过田间小区试验,在辣椒/玉米间作(10:2)条件下,对土壤的持水性能、土壤贮水量和作物水分利用效率特征研究分析。结果表明:(1)生长期间作辣椒第1行和第5行的土壤饱和持水量显著高于单作的玉米和辣椒,生长期的土壤饱和持水量显著高于盛果期;生长期间作辣椒的平均非毛管持水量比单作辣椒高54.86%,呈显著差异。(2)收获期玉米单作地的土壤贮水量显著高于辣椒单作地;收获期土壤平均贮水量相比播种前增加了64.95%。(3)间作辣椒产量和水分利用效率均为中间行显著高于第1行,与单作无显著差异性;间作玉米的产量和水分利用效率显著高于单作。从水分利用角度来看,玉米和辣椒间作能提高土壤持水性能,提高作物产量,也是提高田间有限水分利用效率的可行途径之一。

Research on Soil Moisture Retention Capacity and Crop Water Use Efficiency in Chili Pepper and Maize Intercropping System

Field experiments were conducted in order to understand effects of soil moisture retention capacity, soil water storage and crop water use efficiency in chili pepper and maize intercropping system (10:2) in Yanshan County, Yunnan Province in 2013. The results showed that: (1) soil moisture retention capacity in intercropped marginal chili pepper line and middle chili pepper line were higher than those in soil of monoculture system. Soil moisture retention capacity in growth period was higher than that in fruiting stage. The average non-capillary water-holding capacity of intercropped chili pepper was higher 54.86% than monoculture system. (2) Soil water storage in maize monoculture system was higher than in chili pepper monoculture system in harvesting stage. Soil water storage in harvesting stage was higher 64.95% than in sowing stage. (3) Yield and crop water use efficiency of intercropped middle chili pepper line were higher than marginal chili pepper line, but there were not significant different among intercropping system and monoculture system. Yield and crop water use efficiency of intercropped maize were higher than monoculture system. Soil water storage, yield, and crop water use efficiency are improved by maize and pepper intercropping.