SSR-based and grain yield-based diversity of hybrid maize in Thailand |
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| Authors: | C Phumichai W Doungchan P Puddhanon S Jampatong P Grudloyma C Kirdsri J Chunwongse T Pulam |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;2. Bangkok Seeds Industry Co., Ltd. PO Box 13 Sawankalok, Sukhothai 64110, Thailand;3. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Sansai, ChiangMai 50290, Thailand;4. National Corn and Sorghum Research Center Inseechandrastitya Institute for Crop Research and Development, Kasetsart University, KlangDong, PakChong NakhonRatchasima 30320, Thailand;5. NakhonSawan Field Crops Research Center, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, PhahonYothin Road, TakFa, NakhonSawan 60190, Thailand;6. Songkhla Field Crops Research Center, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;g Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Kamphaengsaen campus, NakhonPathom 73140, Thailand;h Center for Agriculture Biotechnology (CAB), Kasetsart University, KamphaengSaen Campus, NakhonPathom 73140, Thailand;i Sweet Seeds Co., Ltd. 16/13 Moo 13, Praputhabat, Saraburi 18120, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | Commercial hybrid maize varieties are often used to extract new inbred lines in hybrid breeding programs. Seven commercial hybrid maize varieties were crossed in a diallel design, and the resulting hybrids and selfed progeny were evaluated for yield and adaptability grown in six locations in Thailand. The parental varieties were analyzed with a set of 64 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) loci, spanning all 10 chromosomes. The average number of alleles per SSR locus was 4.98 with a range of 2–11. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.24 to 0.89, with an average of 0.69. Using SSR-based genetic distance (GD), an UPGMA dendrogram showed seven field corn varieties classified into three distinct groups. Troyer's genetic distance (TGD) calculated from yield data, which is a function of inbreeding depression, varied from 0.493 to 1.015 between different parental combinations. A significant positive correlation was found between the GD and TGD across the six locations (0.66**). The GD correlated positively with specific combining ability (SCA) as well across all locations (r = 0.76**) heterosis was significant for grain yield and SCA, accounting for 47% of the sum of the square among entries. Therefore, we suggest that broad base populations derived from each of the distinct groups can be formed using combined criteria of SSR-based GD, TGD, grain yield, GCA and SCA. |
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| Keywords: | Maize (Zea mays) Commercial hybrids Grain yield Genetic diversity Germplasm Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) marker |
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