水稻超高产育种研究进展与前景

对水稻超高产育种理论研究与育种实践的发展历史、现状及发展趋势进行了综合评述。认为重塑株型、利用亚种间杂交优势、使株型与优势相结合是当前水稻超高产育种的主要方向。新株型的共同特点是株高增加；分蘖数减少，成穗率提高，大穗；生物产量与经济系数并重。实践证明，通过籼粳稻亚种间杂交或地理远缘杂交创造中间材料或特异种质资源，经回交或复交进行优化性状组配，是选育超高产品种切实可行的途径。

Advances and Prospects of Breeding Rice for Super High Yield

The history,present situation and trends in development of theoretical researches and breeding practices for super high yield of rice are summarized in this paper.Great advances have been made in breeding rice forsuper high yield during the last decate.Dwarfing and breeding for ideal plant morphology resulted in the first breakthrough in rice breeding for high yield.The second breakthrough was the hybrid rice which F 1 physiological function was improved and used.The authors believe that the third breakthrough would be the breeding for super rice,and the guiding principle would be the combination of ideal plant type with the utilization of growth vigor.Therefore,it would be necessary to modify the plant type and to create growth vigor by means of hybridization between indica and japonica or between geographic distance varieties in order to get breakthough of the biomass which would be the basis of breaking the grain yield barrier.