球茎大麦在大麦育种上的应用——Ⅰ.大麦单倍体的诱导与加倍单倍体的产生

以三种栽培大麦品种为母本,三种球茎大麦为父本进行杂交。诱导栽培大麦单倍体,结果杂交成胚率平均为47.9％,幼胚离体培养成苗率平均为54.0％。这些胚培苗的根尖细胞染色体数目分别含有7,14,21条,不同组合杂交后代含有的染色体数目不同,所有含有7条染色体的后代,其染色体C-带带型显示为父本栽培大麦的染色体,表明该后代为栽培大麦单倍体,用滴加0.04％秋水仙素的Knop溶液进行单倍体植株的染色体加倍,结果加倍率达90％以上,另外,我们还讨论了染色体消失法诱导单倍体的优越性及其机理。

Use of Hordeum bulbosum in Barley Breeding (I)-Induction of Barley Haploids and Production of Doubled Haploids

Three varieties of H. vulgare as maternal parents were crossed with three va rieties of H. bulbosum to induce haploids in their progeny, on average 47. 8% of the pollinated florets formed embryos. The immature embryos were cultured in vitro and 54. 0% of them grew into seedlings. The root-tip cells of those seedlings were observed and their chromosome numbers were found to be 7, 14, or 21 in different crosses, all seedlings whose chromosome number 7 were Haploids. The C-banding pattern of their chromosomes was similar to that of their maternal parents. Knop solution added with 0. 04% colchicine was used to double the chromosome number of the haploids, and a doubling rate of 90. 0% was obtained. Advantages and mechanisms of ap plying the chromosome elimination technique were discussed.