不同施肥制度对作物产量及土壤磷素肥力的影响

在潮棕壤上连续进行18年的定位试验, 研究了不同施肥制度对作物产量和土壤磷素肥力的影响.结果表明: 与对照处理相比, 施用磷肥有明显的增产和稳产作用.不施磷肥处理, 土壤磷素收支赤字, 土壤全磷和速效磷含量均明显下降, 且土壤磷收支的盈亏值与土壤速效磷的增减量呈显著直线相关; 施磷肥处理, 土壤磷素收支盈余, 18年间耕层土壤全磷含量均明显提高, 提高幅度为0.02～0.04 g·kg-1, 土壤速效磷含量亦明显增加, 特别是在试验的后几年, 土壤速效磷含量似有加速上升的趋势.施氮肥对玉米有明显增产作用, 施磷钾肥对玉米增产作用不明显; 大豆则相反, 施氮肥增产作用不明显, 施磷钾肥有显著增产作用.

Effect of different fertilization systems on soil phosphorus fertility and crop yield

The effect of different fertilization systems on crop yield and soil phosphorous fertility was investigated in an 18-year field experiment in aquic-brown soils. The results indicate that crop yield significantly increases while the yield fluctuation decreased in treatments with phosphorous fertilizer compared to the control. In treatments without phosphorous fertilizer, there is a deficit in P budget and total and available P content decreases significantly. A strong linear correlation exists between P budget and available P fluctuation in treatments without phosphorous. In treatments with phosphorous, total P content increases significantly (from 0.02 to 0.04 g·kg^-1), while available P content also increases significantly (especially in the latter stages of the trial). N fertilizer application significantly increases maize grain yield, while P and K fertilizers have insignificant effect on maize yield increase. Conversely, while mean soybean yield is unaffected by N fertilizer application, P and K fertilizers affect mean soybean yield significantly.