高产小麦品种蘖叶构型动态模式的探索

为阐述高产的小麦蘖叶构型特征,并验证了具有这种蘖叶构型小麦品种的高产性,对郑麦7698、周麦18和矮抗58的蘖叶动态及其特征进行分析。结果表明,高产小麦蘖叶建构过程中,分蘖以冬前低位蘖为主,春生高位蘖少且不拔节;小麦生育前期冠层上部叶片直立,冠层透光性好,下部叶片面积大且持绿期长,在灌浆中后期叶片仍能保持较好的直立性。这种蘖叶构型分蘖冗余小,光和养分资源能高效利用,同时冠层透光性好,群体光合同化能力可以得到充分发挥,进而易于实现高产。该蘖叶构型在密植条件下的优势更为突出,有助于解决生产中农民大播量种植进而造成倒伏减产的问题。

Exploration of Dynamic Mode for Tillering-leaf Configuration of High-yield Wheat Cultivar

Efficient and intensive tillering trait and high transmittance canopy characteristic is the physiological basis of high-yield wheat chltivar. This study analyzed the dynamic characteristics of tillering-leaf configuration of Zhengmai 7698, Zhoumai 18 and Aikang 58, and described the constructive process of tillering-leaf configuration of high-yield wheat cultivar, and verified the high yield of wheat cultivar with such tillering-leaf configuration. It provided the theoretical basis for further improvement of tillering-leaf configuration of high-yield wheat cultivar. The efficient and intensive tillering trait means the tillering is mostly low position tillering grown before winter, and there is little high position tillering, which will not grow in spring. High transmittance canopy characteristic means the leaves of the upper part of plant canopy are upright in early growth stage, the leaf area of the lower part of plant canopy is larger and stay green for a longer time. In the meantime, the leaves could still keep upright in the late growth stage. The tillering-leaf configuration that has efficient and intensive tillering trait and high transmittance canopy characteristic has little redundancy, makes light and nutrient resources higher efficient used. Meanwhile, the light transmission of canopy is better, and the colony photosynthetic capacity can be given full play, and then it easily to produce higher yield. The advantage of such tillering-leaf configuration is even more prominent in close planting, it contribute to solve the conflict between close planting and high yield in the actual production.