不同灌水量和矿化度对小麦生长影响的试验研究

通过在西北旱区石羊河流域开展的田间小麦咸水灌溉试验,研究了咸水灌溉对小麦生长指标及产量的影响。试验设置2个因素,灌水量3个水平W1、W2、W3(355、280、205mm),灌水矿化度4个水平S1、S2、S3、S4(0.7、3.0、5.0、7.0g/L)。试验结果表明:在相同灌水量条件下,随灌水矿化度的增加,株高降低2.7%~16.0%,叶面积指数降低9.65%~28.28%、产量降低1.81%~27.02%、干物质减少15.66%~34.42%;在相同灌水矿化度条件下,随灌水量的减少,株高降低1.37%~11.67%、叶面积指数降低14.07%~20.45%、减产7.31%~27.33%、干物质减少10.26%~49.04%。在充分灌溉(355mm)处理下,与0.7g/L相比3.0g/L处理对小麦各生理指标影响差异较小,株高相差小于1cm、叶面积指数减少7.6%、减产1.81%、干物质减少7.1%。因此,灌水量355mm和矿化度3.0g/L可应用于该地区小麦灌溉。

An Experimental Study on the Effect of Different Irrigation Water and Salinity on Wheat Growth

According to the saline water irrigation experiment on wheat in the Shiyang river basin in arid northwest,the effects of sa-line water irrigation on wheat growth index and yield were studied.The experiment set two factors,three irrigation water levels, namely W1,W2,W3 (355,280,205 mm),and four irrigation salinity levels,namely S1,S2,S3 and S4 (0.7、3.0、5.0、7.0 g/L). The results show that under the same condition of irrigation amount,with the increase of the water salinity,plant height decreases by 2.7%~16.0%,leaf area index decreases by 9.65%~28.28%,yield decreases by 1.81%~27.02%,and dry matter decrease by 15.66%~34.42%;under the condition of same water salinity,with the decrease of irrigation amount,plant height decreases by 1.37%~11.67%,leaf area index decreases by 14.07%~20.45%,yield decreases by 7.31%~20.45%,dry matter decreases by 10.26%~49.04%.Under the sufficient irrigation treatment (355 mm),compared with the 3.0 g/L treatment,the effect of 0.7 g/L treatment on the physiological index of wheat has small difference,the plant height difference is less than 1 cm,the leaf area in-dex decreases by 7.6%,the yield decreases by 1.81%,the dry matter decreases by 7.1%.Therefore,the treatment of irrigation wa-ter (355 mm)and salinity (3.0 g/L)can be used for the wheat in the region.