调亏灌溉对温室番茄生长发育及其产量和品质的影响

明确作物各生育期水分需求,并制定合理灌水制度是节水增产的重要途径。本文以华北地区日光温室番茄为研究对象,设置3种水面蒸发系数,分别在开花坐果期轻度(k_(0.7)k_(0.9))或中度(k_(0.5)k_(0.9))水分亏缺,成熟采摘期轻度(k_(0.9)k_(0.7))或中度(k_(0.9)k_(0.5))调亏控水,以充分灌水(k_(0.9)k_(0.9))为对照,对番茄生长发育及其产量和品质进行了分析。结果显示:k_(0.7)k_(0.9)和k_(0.5)k_(0.9)植株生长速率分别较k_(0.9)k_(0.7)和k_(0.9)k_(0.5)弱,开花坐果期水分亏缺会导致产量降低1.2%,WUE降低11.2%;对比各个处理,k_(0.9)k_(0.9)产量最高,为141.07t/hm~2,但WUE偏低,仅为47.99kg/m~3,与产量相差不大的k_(0.9)k_(0.7)相比,k_(0.9)k_(0.9)灌水量增加29mm,WUE却降低6.8%。品质方面,除果实硬度外,番茄在成熟采摘期亏水50%可显著提高果实营养品质。最后,提出适合华北地区温室滴灌番茄的经济耗水指标,即全生育期灌水量约为230mm时可达到节水高产和高效的统一。

Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Solar Greenhouse Tomato Growth,Yield and Quality

It is an important way for irrigation water saving and increasing production to make clear the water requirement of crop in each growing period,and to make a reasonable irrigation scheduling.The tomato in solar greenhouse were studied,the experimental treatments included low (k0.7k0.9 )and moderate (k0.5k0.9 )water deficits at the blossoming and bearing fruits,and low (k0.9k0.7 )and moderate (k0.9k0.5 )water deficits at fruit maturation stage,and sufficient (k0.9k0.9 )water supply during the whole growing period as the control.The growth and development,yield and quality of tomato were analyzed.The results indicated that the growth rates of k0.7k0.9 and k0.5k0.9 treatments were weaker than that of k0.9k0.7 and k0.9k0.5 treatments respectively.Besides,water deficit will lead to production decreased 1 .2%,WUE decreased by 1 1 .2% at the blossoming and bearing fruits.Compare each treatments,the highest yield was k0.9k0.9 ,reached 141.07 t/hm2 ,but theWUE was low,only 47.99 kg/m3 .The k0.9k0.7 compared with the yield difference is not large,the irrigation amount of k0.9k0.9 increased by 29 mm,whileWUE decreased by 6.8%.As to the quality,the nutritional quality of fruit can increase only water deficits 50% at fruit maturation stage.Finally,we think that the amount of irrigation water is about 230 mm in the whole growing period,which can achieve the unity of water saving,high yield and high efficiency.