湿地自然保护区保护价值评价方法

提出了一套侧重水鸟保护的湿地自然保护区保护价值评价方法.该方法建立的指标体系经过专家咨询和会议讨论确定指标,采用层次分析法(AHP)建立了递阶层次结构模型.指标体系共分为目标层1项、系统层5项、准则层11项和指标层26项.将获取资料的湿地自然保护区按国家有关分类标准与原则归为3个类型(海洋与海岸生态系统类型、内陆湿地与水域生态系统类型和野生动物类型),每个类型内的自然保护区再结合自身湿地主体进一步划分为4个小类型(近海与海岸湿地、河流湿地、湖泊湿地、沼泽湿地).实例分析了海洋与海岸生态系统类型中的以近海及海岸湿地为主体的自然保护区,内陆湿地与水域生态系统类型中的以沼泽湿地为主体的自然保护区和野生动物类型中的以河流湿地为主体的自然保护区,并依照保护价值指数进行了等级划分.为湿地自然保护区的保护价值和发展地位,总体规划和改建变更提供了依据.

An evaluation index system classifying the conservation value of wetland nature reserves based on AHP

Wetland nature reserves are one of the main networks of China''s nature reserves system. A protection management system is gradually taking shape. However, the current system of wetland nature reserves was established based on the idea of saving and preserving specific natural wetland areas, a method which lacked a reasonable level of system-wide oversight and planning. The system used to establish nature reserves lacked an effective assessment methodology to help provide for the management, planning and delineation of the wetland nature reserves in China. Therefore, one prerequisite involved in reforming this system was to develop a logical and workable method of evaluating wetland nature reserves which focused on the planning, establishment, and management of those reserves.Wetland birds are important indicator species and the presence or absence of wetland bird species has been used as an important standard to justify upgrading the status of nature reserves. Wetland nature reserves established for these waterbirds provide good habitat and food sources as well as breeding, migration and overwintering areas. We present here a wetland nature reserve evaluation method based on a thorough analysis of the existing wetland nature reserve system using waterbird information and geographical/ecological information with a focus on waterbird protection. It may be used to evaluate the existing different administrative levels of the wetland nature reserve system.An evaluation index system is proposed for wetland nature reserves based on scientific research and planning information related to wetland nature reserves. The indicators of this index system were identified by consultation with experts and the use of conferences; a hierarchical model was established using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The four tiered index system consisted of 1 object layer, 5 system layers, 11 criteria layers and 26 index layers. The nature reserves were classified into three broad types based on relevant national criterion to facilitate the analysis of this application and evaluation method, 1) nature reserve for ocean and seacoast ecosystem, 2)nature reserve for inland wetlands and water area ecosystem, and 3) nature reserve for wildlife types. The three wetland types within the nature reserve wetland system were further divided into four smaller types 1) offshore and coastal wetlands, 2) riverine, 3)lacustrine wetlands, and 4) marsh wetlands.Meanwhile, the Golden section method was used to assign indicators. Each set of indicators was calculated using frequency percentiles, with the values of 62%, 38%, and 0% representing the high, medium, low value by threshold, respectively. The assignment method was (62%-100%) as the high value niche section assignment 1, (38%-62%) as interval assignment 0.62, and (0-38%) as low range assignment 0.38. The final results were calculated from the nature reserve conservation value index formula. In this paper, 8 nature reserves were analyzed from the offshore and coastal wetlands as the main body of ocean and seacoast ecosystem type, 13 nature reserves of marsh wetlands were analyzed as the main body of inland wetlands and water area ecosystem type and 6 nature reserves of riverine wetlands were analyzed as the main body of wildlife type and classified for each type of protection index on a case-by-case basis, respectively. The results showed the evaluation method used to classify wetlands on the basis of waterbird protection may objectively and fairly reflect the value of wetlands needed to protect water birds. Furthermore, this evaluation index system may be used to classify the wetland nature reserve system using a protection index and provides the foundation to plan and reconstruct the wetland ecosystem nature reserves and change their protection status.