地表高程测量仪及其在湿地监测研究中的应用

湿地地表高程变化的测量对于预测海平面相对上升对红树林的影响、研究植物对湿地沉积过程的影响以及浅层沉陷的研究很有帮助。由美国地质调查局发明的地表高程测量仪能够在湿地生态系统中测量沉积物高程变化。由于其易于掌握、测量数据精确、携带轻便等特点, 是监测泥沙淤积和地表沉降特征的理想工具。文中主要介绍地表高程测量仪的结构、类型、测量方法, 展望其在我国湿地监测中的应用前景, 同时还与其他的测量方法进行了比较。利用地表高程测量仪结合水平标志层法能够获取湿地地表沉降速率和湿地浅层沉陷速率, 有助于了解湿地的保护与管理现状, 预测湿地演化及植被演替趋势, 为湿地生态系统的保护、恢复与合理利用提供参考数据。

Surface Elevation Table and Its Application to Wetland Monitoring and Research

It is very helpful to measure the changes of surface elevation for predicting the influence of the relative sea level rise on mangroves, and it is also useful to research the effects of plants on wetland deposition process and the research of shallow subsidence. The U.S. Geological Survey invented the surface elevation table, which is a measuring equipment used to measure the changes of sediment elevation in the wetland ecosystem. This is an ideal tool to monitor sediment deposition and the characteristics of surface subsidence because of its easiness to grasp, accuracy in measured data and portability. The paper introduced the structure, type and measurement method of surface elevation table, prospected its application in wetland monitoring in China and also compared with other measurement methods. We can obtain the rate of the wetland surface subsidence and shallow subsidence by using the surface elevation table and the marker horizon. And these measurements would help us to understand the current situation of wetland protection and management, predict the trends of wetlands evolution and vegetation succession and also provide the reference data for the protection, restoration and wise use of wetland ecosystem.