滴灌小麦根系生理特性及其空间分布

通过管栽滴灌根区水分控制试验,研究不同滴灌条件下,春小麦根系生理特性、垂直分布变化及其产量构成等。结果表明:①孕穗～灌浆初期是滴灌春小麦根系生长的关键时期,此期根系的总根质量和总根长、根系总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积和根系活力达最大值。②土壤水分过少,根系过氧化物酶活性降低,脯氨酸含量虽有所增加,但后期下降过快,根系过早衰亡;水分过多,影响根系吸收面积增加,根系活力下降,植株贪青晚熟,经济生产效率低;适宜水分(田间饱和质量含水量的70%～75%)处理能有效促进根系生长及生理功能提高,产量最高。通过滴灌控制小麦根区水分状况,可以实现以水调根,促进小麦高产形成并获得较高的水分利用效率。

The Physiological Characteristics and Root Spatial Distribution of Spring Wheat in Drip Irrigation Field

By the drip root zone moisture control tests under tube planted condition,the root physiological characteristics,root vertical distribution and yield components in different water treatments were observed for the aim of providing theoretical basis to formulate the drip irrigation system of spring wheat in South Xinjiang.The results showed:(i) Booting to filling was the key period for root growth of spring wheat,in this stage,the total root mass,total root length,total root absorption area,active absorption area and root activity reached maximum.(ii) When soil moisture was too low,root peroxidase activity decreased,proline content increased but in later stage declined too fast that let to premature decay of root.Too much water in soil,would influence the root absorption area,root activity decline and late-maturing,economic production efficiency was lower.Appropriate soil moisture(70%~75% of the soil water content) treatment could effectively promote the root growth and physiological function,the yield was the highest.Through controlling root zone moisture status of wheat by drip irrigation,it was possible to get a higher yield,and obtain higher water use efficiency.